قضاء wajib dilakukan oleh semua orang islam yang telah mukallaf yang meninggalkan puasa dengan uzur atau tanpa uzur. Orang yang haidh wajib mengqadha puasa demikian pula orang yang murtad apabila kembali ke islam. Adapun orang kafir yang masuk islam, anak kecil, orang gila tidaklah mereka wajib mengqadha puasa. Dan tidak disyaratkan berurutan dalam mengqadha akan tetapi dapat dilaksanakan kapan saja, secara berturut-turut atau terpisah.
كفارة tidak diwajibkan kecuali bagi orang yang berhubungan badan pada siang hari di bulan ramadhan. Adapun sengaja mengeluarkan air mani, makan, minum tidaklah mewajibkan كفارة. Adapun كفارة yang wajib dilakukan adalah dengan membebaskan budak. Apabila tidak mampu maka dengan perpuasa dua bulan berturut-turut. Apabila tidak mampu maka dengan memberi makan 60 orang miskin masing-masing satu Mud.
Adapun menahan diri pada waktu yang tersisa maka wajib bagi orang yang sengaja membatalkan puasa atau karena tidak kuat. Sedangkan orang yang haid tidaklah wajib menahan diri pada sisa waktu pada siang hari apabila ia suci. Orang yang sedang bepergian (musafir) dengan perjalanan lebih dari dua marhalah tidak wajib menahan diri pada siang hari apabila ia membatalkan puasa, dan wajib menahan diri apabila ia mendengar dari seseorang yang jujur tentang adanya hilal ramadhan pada يوم الشك Dan berpuasa itu lebih utama bagi musafir daripada berbuka kecuali apabila ia tidak kuat. Dan hendaklah jangan membatalkan puasa pada hari ketika ia keluar untuk perjalanan, demikian pula pada hari ketika ia sampai kembali ke rumah.
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It was narrated that in the days that Musa (Peace be upon him) wandered with Bani Israel in the desert an intense drought befell them. Together, they raised their hands towards the heavens praying for the blessed rain to come. Then, to the astonishment of Musa (Peace be upon him) and all those watching, the few scattered clouds that were in the sky vanished, the heat poured down, and the drought intensified.
It was revealed to Musa that there was a sinner amongst the tribe of Bani Israel whom had disobeyed Allah for more than forty years of his life. “Let him separate himself from the congregation,” Allah told Musa (Peace be upon him). “Only then shall I shower you all with rain.”
Musa (Peace be upon him) then called out to the throngs of humanity, “There is a person amongst us who has disobeyed Allah for forty years. Let him separate himself from the congregation and only then shall we be rescued from the drought.” That man, waited, looking left and right, hoping that someone else would step forward, but no one did. Sweat poured forth from his brow and he knew that he was the one.
The man knew that if he stayed amongst the congregation all would die of thirst and that if he stepped forward he would be humiliated for all eternity.
He raised his hands with a sincerity he had never known before, with a humility he had never tasted, and as tears poured down on both cheeks he said: “O Allah, have mercy on me! O Allah, hide my sins! O Allah, forgive me!”
As Musa (Peace be upon him) and the people of Bani Israel awaited for the sinner to step forward, the clouds hugged the sky and the rain poured. Musa (Peace be upon him) asked Allah “O Allah, you blessed us with rain even though the sinner did not come forward.” And Allah replied, “O Musa, it is for the repentance of that very person that I blessed all of Bani Israel with water.”
Musa (Peace be upon him),wanting to know who this blessed man was, asked, “Show him to me O Allah!” Allah replied, “O Musa, I hid his sins for forty years, do you think that after his repentance I shall expose him?”
Allah revealed the Quran in the most blessed month; the month of Ramadan, the month in which the Quran was sent down.
On the most blessed night, the Grand night: Laylatul Qadr; “Verily, we revealed the Qur’an on the night of Qadr.”
Ibn Jareer narrates, on the authority of Mujahid that there was a man from Bani Israel who used to spend the night in prayer. Then in the morning he would fight the enemy in the Way of Allah during the day, until the evening and he did this for a thousand months.
And so Allah revealed the Surah: “Verily, We sent it down in the night of Al-Qadr” until the verse “The night of Al-Qadr is better than a thousand months” That is, standing in prayer on that night is better than the actions of that man.
Sufyan ath-Thawri reports, on the authority of Mujahid (also), that the night of Al-Qadr being better than a thousand months means that the good deeds performed on it, fasting on it, and standing in prayer on it are better than a thousand months good deeds, prayers and fasting.
[Narrated by Ibn Jareer]
It is reported from Abu Hurairah that he said:
“When the month of Ramadan came, the Messenger of Allah said: ‘The month of Ramadan has come, a blessed month in which Allah has made it obligatory for you to fast; in it the gates of Paradise are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained. In it is a night better than a thousand months, whoever loses the benefit of it has lost something irreplaceable.’” [Narrated by Imam Ahmad and An-Nasa'i]
.It is reported on the authority of Abu Hurairah, that Allah’s Messenger (Peace be upon him) said:
“Whoever stood in prayer on the night of Al-Qadr, in faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, he will have all of his previous sins forgiven.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
.This one night surpasses the value of 30,000 nights. The sincere believer who worries day and night about his sins and phases of neglect in his life patiently awaits the onset of Ramadan. During it he hopes to be forgiven by Allah for past sins, knowing that the Prophet (Peace be upon him)promised that all who bear down during the last ten days shall have all their sins forgiven. To achieve this, the believer remembers the Prophet’s (Peace be upon him) advice in different sayings wherein he used words like “seek”, “pursue”, “search” and “look hard” for Laylatul Qadr.
Laylatul Qadr is the most blessed night. A person who misses it has indeed missed a great amount of good. The Mu’min should search for it in the last ten nights of Ramadan, passing the nights in worship and obedience.
For those who catch the opportunity, their gift is that of past sins wiped away.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) illustrated for us some of the things we should be doing on this Grand Night. From his blessed Sunnah we find the following:
It is recommended to make a long qiyam prayer during the nights on which Laylatul Qadr could fall. This is indicated in many ahadith, such as:
“Whoever stands (in qiyam) in Laylatul Qadr [and it is facilitated for him] out of faith and expectation (of Allah’s reward), will have all of his previous sins forgiven.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
the addition “and it is facilitated for him” is recorded by Ahmad from the report of ‘Ubadah Bin as-Samit; it means that he is permitted to be among the sincere worshippers during that blessed night.
It is also recommended to make extensive supplication on this night.
‘A'ishah reported that she asked Allah’s Messenger (Peace be upon him) “O Messenger of Allah! If I knew which night is Laylatul Qadr, what should I say during it?” And he instructed her to say: “Allahumma innaka `afuwwun tuhibbul `afwa fa`fu `annee - O Allah! You are forgiving, and you love forgiveness. So forgive me.” [An authentic Hadith recorded by Ahmad, Ibn Majah and at-Tirmidhi.]
It is further recommended to spend more time in worship during the nights on which Laylatul Qadr is likely to fall. This calls for abandoning many worldly pleasures in order to secure the time and thoughts solely for worshipping Allah (Subhanahu wa ta’ala).
‘A'ishah reported: “When the (last) ten started, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) would tighten his izar (i.e. he stayed away from his wives in order to have more time for worship), spend the whole night awake (in prayer) and wake up his family.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
And she said: “Allah’s Messenger (Peace be upon him) used to exert more (in worship) on the last ten than on other nights.” [Muslim]
The opportunity of Laylatul Qadr is coming in the next few days. Life is about people that take advantage of their opportunities to win the love of Allah, and this is indeed one of those chances. Abu Dah Daah was one of those who found an opportunity and won that which is greater than the heavens and the earth. An adult companion of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) cultivated his garden next to the property of an orphan. The orphan claimed that a specific palm tree was on his property and thus belonged to him. The companion rejected the claim and off to the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) went the orphan boy to complain. With his justness, the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) measured the two gardens and found that the palm tree did indeed belong to the companion. The orphan erupted crying. Seeing this, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) offered the companion, “would you give him the palm tree and to you is a palm tree in Jannah?” However, the companion in his disbelief that an orphan would complain to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) missed the opportunity and went away angry.
But someone else saw the opportunity, Abu Dah Daah (may Allah be pleased with him) . He went to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and asked, “Ya Rasul Allah, if I buy the tree from him and give it to the orphan shall I have that tree in Jannah?” The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) replied, “Yes.”
Abu Dah Daah chased after the companion and asked, “Would you sell that tree to me for my entire garden?” The companion answered, “Take it for there is no good in a tree that I was complained to the Prophet about.”
Immediately, Abu Dah Daah went home and found his wife and children playing in the garden. “Leave the garden!” shouted Abu Dah Daah, “we’ve sold it to Allah! We’ve sold it to Allah!” Some of his children had dates in their hand and he snatched the dates from them and threw them back into the garden. “We’ve sold it to Allah!”
When Abu Dah Daah was later martyred in the battle of Uhud, Rasul Allah (Peace be upon him) stood over his slain body and remarked, “How many shady palm trees does Abu Dah Daah now have in paradise?”
What did Abu Dah Daah lose? Dates? Bushes? Dirt? What did he gain? He gained a Jannah whose expanse is the heavens and the earth.
Abu Dah Daah did not miss his opportunity, and I pray to Allah that we do not miss our opportunity of standing to Allah on Laylatul Qadr.
Dear brothers and sisters, we do not obey, worship and revere Allah in a way befitting of His Majesty.
Allah revealed:
“No just estimate have they made of Allah, such as is due to Him. On the Day of Resurrection the whole of the earth will be but His handful, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand: Glory to Him! High is He above the partners they attribute to Him”
[Noble Quran 6:91]
.Everything that we have belongs to Allah. When someone dies we say, Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji’un, Indeed to Allah we belong and indeed to Him we shall return. This is not a supplication just for when a soul is lost. It is a supplication for every calamity that befalls a believer, even if his sandal were to tear. Why? Because everything belongs to Allah and everything shall come back to him. Sit and try to count the blessings Allah has bestowed upon you. Have you ever tried to count stars?
“And He give you of all that ye ask for. But if ye count the favors of Allah, never will ye be able to number them. Verily, man is given up to injustice and ingratitude”
[Noble Quran 14:34]
.We have not understood the weight of this Quran that we rest on our high shelves, this Noble book that was sent to give life to the dead. For even if our hearts were as solid as rock they would have crumbled to the ground in fear and hope of Allah’s punishment and Mercy. Could it be that our hearts are harder than that mountain?
“Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, verily, thou wouldst have seen it humble itself and split asunder in fear of Allah
[Noble Quran 59:21]
.Dear brothers and sisters, as you fill the Masajid for Qiyamul Layl in the last ten nights of Ramadan, remember what Allah wants you to know:
“Know ye that Allah is strict in punishment and that Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.”
There shall be a night, some night in your life that you shall awaken in Jannah or Hell fire. Anas ibn Malik, on his deathbed, prayed to Allah, “O Allah, protect from a night whose morning brings a journey to hell fire.” Think about that morning.
Peace shall descend on Laylatul Qadr until the dawn. It may be that you shall leave the Masjid after Fajr one day soon forgiven by Allah, Glorious and Most High.
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