Rabu, 28 Mei 2008

PENJELASAN : Obat yang dapat menarik kepada keadaan takut.

PENJELASAN : Obat yang dapat menarik kepada keadaan takut.

Ketahuilah sesungguhnya apa yang telah kami sebutkan pada obat sabar dan apa yang telah kami jelaskan pada kitab sabar dan syukur, semua itu telah menculupi pada maksud semua ini. Karena sesungguhnya sabar tidak dapat dihasilkan melainkan setelah berhasilnya keadaan takut dan harap karena permulaan maqam di dalam agama adalah yakin yang diibaratkan sebagai kekuatan iman kepada Allah Ta’ala dan hari akhir dan terhadap surga dan neraka. Dan yakin ini dengan mudah akan dapat mengobarkan ketakutan kepada neraka dan mengharapkan surga. Kemudian harap dan takut akan bertambah kuat dengan adanya sabar karena sesungguhnya sabar itu dikelilingi dengan hal-hal yang tidak disukai hawa nafsu. Maka tiada akan mampu menanggunya melainkan dengan kekuatan harap. Neraka dikelilingi oleh kesenangan nafsu syahwat oleh karena itu tidak akan sabar dalam menahannya kecuali dengan kekuatan khauf/takut. Karena itulah telah berkata ‘Ali KarramaLLahu wajhah, “Barang siapa yang merindukan surga niscaya ia menyimpang dari segala nafsu syahwat. Barang siapa yang menyayangi dirinya akan api neraka, niscaya ia kembali (tidak mengerjakan) hal-hal-yang haram.

Kemudian dilaksanakanlah tingkatan/maqqam sabar dengan diambil manfaatnya dari kauf dan raja’ kepada tingkatan mujahadah dan fokus kepada berdzikir mengingat Allah Ta’ala dan terus menerus bertafakur kepada-Nya.

Dan dzikir yang terus menerus akan membawa kepada kejinakan hati sedangkan terus menerusnya bertafakur akan membawa kepada sempurnanya ma’rifah. Dan terus menerusnya tafakur sampai kepada sempurnanya ma’rifah akan membawa kepada mahabbah/kecintaan yang diikuti oleh maqam ridho dan tawakal dan beberapa tingkatan/maqamat .

Maka inilah urut-urutan pada menjalani tingkat-tingkat agama. Dan tiadalah sesudah pokok yakin itu ada tingkatan lagi selain takut dan harap. Dan tiadalah sesudah keduanya itu tingkatan lagi selain sabar. Dan dengan sabar akan tercapai mujahadah dan terfokus menjurus kepada Allah Ta’ala secara lahir dan bathin. Dan tiadalah maqam sesudah mujahadah bagi orang yang telah dibukakan jalan selain hidayah dan ma’rifat. Dan tiadalah maqam sesudah ma’rifah selain mahabbah/cinta dan jinak hati . dan dari mudahnya kasih sayang itu adalah ridho dengan segala perbuatan Yang dicintai dan percaya dengan pertolongan-Nya, dan itulah tawakal.

Jadi apa yang telah kami sebutkan tentang pengobatan sabar itu telah mencukupi. Akan tetapi kami akan sendirikan khauf/takut itu dengan pembicaraan secara singkat, maka kami katakan :

Takut itu dapat berhasil dengan dua jalan yang berlainan. Salah satunya lebih tinggi tingkatannya dari yang lain. Sebagai contoh adalah anak kecil. Apabila ada masuk kedalam rumah binatang buas atau ular terkadang ia tidak takut dan terkadang ia mengulurkan tangannya kepada ular itu untuk diambil dan dipermainkannya. Akan tetapi apabila ia bersama ayahnya dan sang ayah itu berakal sehat tentu takutlah ia dan lari dari ular itu. Maka apbila anka kecil itu melihat sang ayah dan sang ayah gemetaran sendi-sendinya dan berusaha lari, niscaya anak kecil itu akan bangun berdiri bersama ayahnya. Dan menguatlah ketakutan pada anak kecil itu dan ia mengikuti ayahnya untuk lari.

Maka ketakutan sang ayah, itu adalah dari penglihatan dan pengetahuannya terhadap sifat ular dan bisanya dan keistimewaannya, dan kekerasan binatang buas dengan keperkasaannya dan kurangnya perhatian binatang buas itu kepada mangsanya.

Adapun takutnya sang anak maka itu adalah percaya dengan semata-mata taklid karena ia berbaik sangka kepada ayahnya. Dan ia tahu bahwa ayahnya tidak takut selain dengan sebab yang menakutkan pada dirinya. Maka tahulah anak itu bahwa binatang buas itu menakutkan sedang ia tidak mengetahui akan segi ketakutan itu.

Jika engkau mengetahui perumpamaan ini maka ketahuilah bahwa takut kepada Allah Ta’ala itu ada dua tingkatan. Yang pertama takut kepada adzab-Nya dan kedua takut kepada-Nya. Adapun takut kepada-Nya maka itu adalah takutnya ulama dan orang-orang yang mempunyai hati yang mengetahui sifat-sifat-Nya akan apa yang menghendaki kehaibatan, ketakutan dan kehati-hatian yang menengok pada rahasia firman Allah Ta’ala, “WayuhadzirakumuLlahu nafsah”- “Dan Allah memperingatkanmu akan kewajibanmu kepada Allah sendiri”. Dan firman Allah Ta’ala, “Takutlah kamu kepada Allah dengan sebenar-benar takut”.

Adapun yang awal, makan itu adalah takutnya umumnya manusia dan itu dapat diperoleh dengan pokok iman/percaya akan surga dan neraka. Dan adanya keduanya – surga dan neraka adalah merupakan balasan atas ta’at dan ma’siyat . Dan lemahnya ketakutannya disebabkan kelalaian dan sebab lemahnya iman. Dan kelalaian itu dapat dihilangkan dengan peringatan dan nasihat, selalu bertafakur tentang huru hara hari kiyamat dan bermacam-macam adzab di akhirat. Dan hilang juga kelalaian itu dengan melihati orang-orang yang takut, dan berkumpul dengan mereka dan menyaksikan keadaan mereka. Maka jikalau tidak ada penyaksian itu maka dengan mendengar saja tidak juga terlepas dari pada membekas.

Dan adapun yang kedua maka itu lebih tinggi tingkatannya yaitu bahwa adanya Allah itulah Dzat Yang ditakuti yakni jika hamba itu takut terhijab dari-Nya dan mengharapkan kedekatan dengan-Nya.

Telah berkata Dzunun RahimahuLlahu Ta’ala, “Takut api neraka apabila dibandingkan dengan takut berpisah adalah seperti setetes air yang menetes pada lautan yang gelap gulita”. Dan inilah takutnya ulama manakala telah berfirman Allah Ta’ala, “Innama yakhsyaLlaha min ‘ibaadiHi al-Ulamaa’ Sesungguhnya yang takut kepada Allah dari hamba-hamba-Nya adalah para ulama”.

Dan pada umumnya orang mukmin juga mendapat bagian pada hal ketakutan ini akan tetapi semata-mata hanyalah taqlid seperti takutnya anak kecil kepada ular berbisa karena ia taqlid kepada ayahnya. Dan yang demikian itu tidak disandarkan kepada penglihatan dengan mata hati. Maka sudah pasti (takut yang demikian ini) dapat melemah dan akan mudah hilang pada waktu yang dekat hingga terkadang si anak kecil melihat kepada orang yang berazam mengambil ular itu, maka melihatlah ia kepadanya dan akhirnya tertipulah dia dengannya. Maka beranilah ia untuk mengambilnya karena ia taqlid (meniru) kepada orang itu sebagaimana ia ikut-ikutan kepada ayahnya.

Dan akidah-akidah taqlidiyah (ikut-ikutan) biasanya lemah kecuali apabila dikuatkan dengan penyaksian sebab-sebabnya yang menguatkan akidah-akidah itu terus menerus, dan membiasakan diri menurut yang dikehendakinya dengan memperbanyak ta’at dan menjauhi ma’siyat pada waktu yang lama secara berkekalan.

Jadi, siapa yang mendaki ke tingkat ma’rifat dan mengenal Allah Ta’ala niscaya ia mudah untuk takut kepada-Nya. Maka ia tidak memerlukan obat untuk dapat menyebabkan takut sebagaimana orang yang mengenal binatang buas dan melihat dirinya jatuh dalam cengkeramannya, tidaklah membutuhkan obat untuk menarik ketakutan di dalam hatinya akan tetapi sebaliknya ia dengan mudahnya akan merasa takut kepada binatang buas itu, baik ia kehendaki atau tidak.

Dan karena itulah telah berfirman Allah Ta’ala kepada Dawud AS, “Takutlah kamu kepada-Ku sebagaimana takutmu kepada binatang buas yang menerkam”.

Dan tiada daya untuk menarik rasa takut terhadap binatang buas yang menerkam itu selain selain dengan mengenal binatang buas itu dan mengetahui jatuhnya dalam cengkeramannya, maka tidaklah memerlukan kepada daya yang lainnya (untuk menarik ketakutan itu ke dalam hati). Maka barang siapa yang mengenal Allah Ta’ala maka ia akan tahu bahwa IA berbuat sekehendak-Nya dan tidak peduli, dan IA menghukumi sesuai apa yang diinginkan-Nya, dan IA tidak takut. IA mendekatkan Malaikat dengan tanpa perantara yang mendahuluinya, dan menjauhkan iblis tanpa sebab dosa yang terdahulu. Akan tetapi sifat-Nya adalah apa yang diterjemahkan dalam firman Allah Ta’ala, “Mereka ini ada di dalam surga dan Aku tidak peduli, dan mereka itu di dalam neraka dan Aku tidak peduli”.

Apabila terlintas di dalam benakmu bahwa IA tidak menyiksa selain atas maksiyat dan tidak pula memberikan pahala melainkan atas keta’atan, maka perhatikanlah bahwa IA tidak membantu orang yang ta’at dengan sebab-sebab keta’atannya sehingga ia menjadi ta’at, baik orang itu mau atau tidak. Dan IA tidak menolong orang-orang yang bermaksiyat dengan pengajak-pengajak maksiyat sehingga ia berbuat maksiyat, baik orang itu mau atau tidak mau.

Maka sesungguhnya IA manakala menciptakan kelalaian dan syahwat dan menciptakan kemampuan untuk malampiaskan syahwat itu, maka perbuatan itu dapat terjadi dengan mudah. Maka jikalau IA menjauhkan orang itu karena orang itu berbuat maksiyat kepada-Nya, maka mengapa IA membawa orang itu kepada melaksanakan maksiyat. Adakah yang demikian itu disebabkan karena maksiyat yang terdahulu ? (tentu saja tidak) sehingga sambung menyambung hingga tiada berkesudahan, Atau berhenti –sudah pasti- pada permulaan yang tiada alasan bagi-Nya dari pihak hamba. Akan tetapi IA mengadha-kan

Atas hamba itu pada azali.

Dan dari makna yang demikian ini, RasuluLlah SAW telah memberikan ibarat dengan sabda beliau, “Telah berhujjah (mengeluarkan alasan) Adam AS dan Musa AS di sisi Tuhan mereka. Maka Adam AS mengemukakan alasan kepada Musa AS. Musa AS berkata, ‘Engkau adalah Adam dimana Allah telah menciptakanmu dengan tangan-Nya, dan meniupkan ruh-Nya kepadamu, dan Ia membuat para malaikat bersujud kepadamu, dan menempatkanmu di surga, kemudian engkau menurunkan manusia ke bumi –disebabkan kesalahanmu-‘. Lalu Adam AS menjawab, ‘Engkau Musa yang Allah telah memilihmu dengan risalah-Nya dan dengan kalam-Nya Allah telah memberikan al-alwah (tulisan-tulisan) yang di dalamnya menerangkan segala sesuatu. Ia mendekatkanmu dengan kelepasan dari mara bahaya. Maka dengan berapa lama engkau mendapati Allah menulis Taurat sebelum aku dijadikan ?’

Musa menjawab,’ dengan selang waktu empat puluh tahun’.

Adam bertanya, ‘Adakah engkau dapati di dalam Taurat bahwa Adam berbuat maksiyat kepada Tuhannya lalu durhaka ?’

Musa menjawab, ‘Ya ada’.

Adam berkata, ‘Adakah engkau mencaciku karena aku melakukan sesuatu yang telah ditulis Allah atasku sebelum aku memperbuatnya dan sebelum empat puluh tahun aku dijadikan-Nya ?’

Kemudian bersabda RasuluLlah SAW, “Maka Adam memenangkan hujjahnya atas Musa AS”.

Maka siapa yang mengetahui sebab-sebab dari urusan ini dengan ma’rifah yang timbul dari nuur hidayah maka ia termasuk kekhususan golongan ‘arifiin yang dapat melihat pada rahasia qadar. Dan barang siapa yang mendengarkan ini lalu meng-imaninya dan membenarkan dengan semata-mata mendengar maka ia termasuk umumnya orang mukmin. Dan telah berhasil bagi setiap satu dari dua golongan akan rasa takut. Karena sesungguhnya tiap-tiap hamba pasti jatuh dalam genggaman qudrah seperti jatuhnya anak kecil yang lemah dalam cengkeraman binatang buas. Dan kadang-kadang binatang buas itu lemah secara kebetulan maka dilepaskanlah ia. Dan terkadang binatang buas itu menyerang anak kecil itu lalu diterkamnya ia. Dan yang demikian itu adalah menurut yang kebetulan. Dan bagi sesuatu yang kebetulan itu memiliki sebab-sebab yang teratur dengan perkiraan yang telah dimaklumi. Akan tetapi apabila disandarkan kepada orang yang tidak mengetahuinya maka itu dinamakan kebetulan. Dan apabila dikaitkan dengan ilmu Allah Ta’ala maka tidaklah boleh dinamakan kebetulan.

Orang yang jatuh dalam cengkeraman binatang buas manakala sempurnya ma’rifatnya niscaya tidaklah ia akan takut kepada binatang buas itu karena binatang buas sesungguhnya memang diciptakan demikian. Jikalau ia lapar maka ia akan menerkam. Dan apabila ia dalam keadaan lalai niscaya ia melepaskan dan membiarkan.

Sesungguhnya yang ditakutkan ialah Pencipta binatang buas itu dan Pencipta sifat-sifatnya. Maka tidaklah aku katakan bahwa perumpamaan ketakutan kepada Allah Ta’ala itu sama dengan ketakutan terhadap binatang buas. Akan tetapi apabila telah disingkapkan tutup niscaya diketahui bahwa ketakutan kepada binatang buas itu pada hakekatnya adalah ketakutan juga kepada Allah Ta’ala karena yang membinasakan dengan perantaraan binatang buas itu adalah Allah Ta’ala.

Maka ketahuilah sesungguhnya binatang buas akhirat itu sama seperti dengan binatang buas dunia. Dan sesungguhnya Allah Ta’ala menciptakan sebab-sebab adzab dan sebab-sebab pahala. Dan Dia menciptakan bagi segala sesuatu itu empunya yang didorong oleh takdir yang bercabang dari qadha akan kepastian azali kepada apa ia itu diciptakan. Maka Allah Ta’ala menciptakan surga dan diciptakan-Nya baginya penduduknya dimana mereka itu diciptakan untuk memperoleh sebab-sebab masuk ke dalamnya baik mereka kehendaki yang demikian atau tidak. Dan Allah Ta’ala menciptakan neraka dan diciptakan untuk neraka itu penduduknya dimana mereka diciptakan untuk memperoleh sebab-sebab masuk ke dalamnya baik mereka menghendaki yang demikian atau tidak.

Maka seseorang tidaklah dapat melihat dirinya dalam pukulan ombak-ombak takdir itu melainkan ia dengan sendirinya akan dikerasi oleh ketakutan itu. Inilah ketakutan orang-orang ‘arifiin akan rahasia qadar . Maka barang siapa yang teledor untuk meningkat ke tingkat melihat, maka jalannya adalah bahwa ia mengobati dirinya dengan mendengarkan hadits-hadits dan atsar-atsar sehingga akan terlihatlah keadaan orang-orang yang takut, orang-orang ‘ariif dan pernyataan mereka. Dan ia menyamakan akal pikiran dan kedudukan mereka dengan kedudukan orang – orang yang mengharap yang terperdaya. Maka tidak ragu-ragu lagi bahwa dengan mengikuti mereka adalah lebih utama karena sesungguhnya mereka itu adalah para nabi dan para wali kekasih Allah Ta’ala dan para ulama’.

Adapun orang-orang yang merasa aman, maka mereka itulah fir’aun-fir’aun, orang-orang bodoh dan orang-orang dungu.

Adapun Rasul kita SAW adalah penghulu orang- orang yang terdahulu dan kemudian. Dan ia adalah manusia yang paling takut kepada Allah Ta’ala sehingga diriwayatkan bahwasanya beliau menshalati anak kecil. Pada satu riwayat terdengar dalam do’a Nabi SAW beliau berdoa, “Yaa Allah peliharalah dia dari adzab kubur dan adzab neraka”. Pada riwayat yang kedua , bahwa Nabi SAW mendengar orang yang mengatakan ‘Selamat bagi engkau seekor dari burung pipit surga !’. Lalu Nabi marah dan bersabda, “Apa yang menerangkan kepadamu bahwa anak itu demikian ? Demi Allah. Sesungguhnya aku ini adalah RasuluLlah. Dan aku tidak tahu apa yang akan diperbuat terhadapku. Sesungguhnya Allah menciptakan surga dan menciptakan penduduknya tidak tambah dan tidak kurang”.

Diriwayatkan bahwa sesungguhnya RasuluLlah SAW bersabda dengan sabda yang seperti ini pada jenazah sahabat Utsman bin Madh’uun dan Utsman ini termasuk orang-orang muhajirin yang awwal. Tatkala Ummu Salmah mengatakan, “Selamat bagi engkau surga” Maka setelah itu Ummu Salmah berkata, “Demi Allah tidaklah seorangpun aku katakan bersih (dari dosa) sesudah utsman.”

Muhammad bin Khaulah al-Hanafiya berkata, “Demi Allah Tidak akan aku mensucikan seseorang selain RasuliLlah SAW, tidak pula ayahku yang memperanakkanku”. Muhammad bin Khaulah mengatakan bahwa tatkala berkembang aliran syi’ah lalu ia turut mrnyrbutkan keutamaan-keutamaan ‘Aly dan sifat-sifat keterpujiannya (manakibnya).

Dan diriwayatkan pada hadits yang lain dari seseorang ahli shufah yang telah mati syahid, maka berkatalah ibunya, “Selamat bagimu wahai seekor burung pipit surga engkau berhijrah kepada RasuluLlah SAW dan engkau terbunuh di jalan Allah”. Lalu RasuluLlah SAW bersabda, “Apa yang memberitahukan kepada engkau (yang demikian) barangkali saja ia (jenazah) telah berkata-kata dengan sesuatu yang tiada bermanfaat baginya dan mencegah dari apa yang tidak mendatangkan melarat kepadanya”.

Dan dalam hadits yang lain diriwayatkan bahwa RasuluLlah SAW memasuki rumah diantara sahabatnya dan sahabat itu sedang sakit. Kemudian beliau mendengar suara seorang perempuan yang mengatakan, “Selamat, bagi engkau surga”. Maka RasuluLlah SAW bertanya, “Siapakah yang telah bersumpah ini kepada Allah Ta’ala?”. Sahabat tersebut menjawab, “Dia adalah ibuku Ya RasulaLlah”. Maka bersabdalah RasuluLlah SAW, “Apakah yang memberitahukan yang demikian akan engkau hai ibu, mungkin si fulan telah berkata-kata dengan sesuatu yang tidak bermanfaat baginya dan bakhil atas sesuatu yang tidak diperlukannya”.

Bagaimana seorang mukmin tidak merasa takut kepada Allah Ta’ala sedangkan beliau SAW telah bersabda, “Aku telah dibuat beruban oleh ‘surah Huud’ dan teman-temannya ’surah al-waqi’ah’ dan ‘Waidzasaysamsu Kuwwirat’ dan surah ‘’Amma yatasaa-aluun’.

Para ulama berkata, mungkin saja demikian karena apa yang terdapat di dalam surah ‘Huud’ adalah sesuatu hal yang menjauhkan seperti firman Allah Ta’ala,”Ingatlah telah jauh (binasa) ‘Aad kaumnya Huud itu”. (Huud 60). Firman-Nya, “Ingatlah, jauhlah kaum tsamud itu”. (Huud 68). Dan firman-Nya, “Telah jauhlah kaum Madyan sebagaimana jauhnya kaum tsamud”. (Huud 95)...yang demikian ini disertai dengan tahunya RasuluLlah SAW bahwa jika Allah Ta’ala menghendaki niscaya mereka tidaklah menjadi musyrik sebab jika Allah Ta’ala menghendaki maka didatangkanlah kepada tiap-tiap jiwa akan petunjuk-Nya.

Dan pada surah al-Waqi’ah, firman Allah Ta’ala, “Tidaklah seorangpun yang dapat mendustakan kedatangannya (hari kiyamat) itu sebagian direndahkannya dan sebagian ditinggikan”. (Al-Waqi’ah 2-3). Artinya keringlah pena dengan apa yang ada dan sempurnalah yang terdahulu sehingga turunlah kejadian. Adakalanya suatu golongan direndahkan sedang mereka itu tinggi di dunia, dan ada kalanya suatu kaum ditinggikan sedang mereka itu rendah di dunia.

Dan pada surat Takwiir, diterangkan huru hara hari kiyamat dan disingkapkannya al-khaatimah (kesudahan setiap insan) yaitu firman Allah Ta’ala,”Dan ketika api neraka dinyalakan dan ketika surga didekatkan maka setiap diri akan mengetahui apa yang disediakan baginya”. (At-Takwiir 12-13-14).

Dan pada surah ‘Amma yatasaa’aluun firman Allah Ta’ala, “Pada hari dimana manusia melihat apa yang telah dikirimkan terlebih dahulu oleh kedua tangannya, dan orang-orang kafir berkata ‘wahai alangkah malang nasibku kiranya aku dapat menjadi tanah saja’”. (An-Naba 40).

Dan firman Allah Ta’ala, “Dan tada dapat berbicara kecuali orang yang telah diberi izin oleh Yang Maha Pemurah dan mengetakan dengan yang sebenarnya”. (An-Naba 38).

Dan AL-Qur’an mulai dari awal hingga akhir selalu mempertakutkan kepada orang yang membacanya dengan pemahaman. Dan jikalau tidak ada dalam Al-Qur’an selain firman-Nya, “Dan sesungguhnya Aku Maha Pengampun bagi orang yang bertaubat dan beriman dan beramal shaleh kemudian dia itu mengikuti jalan yang benar”. (Thaha 82), niscaya semua itu mencukupi karena Ia menggantungkan adanya ampunan dengan empat syarat yang lemah bagi hamba untuk memenuhi amasing-masing dari syarat itu. Dan yang paling keras padanya adalah firman-Nya “Adapun orang yang bertaubat dan beriman dan beramal shalih maka diharapkan ia berada bersama orang-orang yang beruntung”. (Al-Qashas 67). Dan firman-Nya, “Karena Allah hendak menanyakan kepada orang-orang yang benar tentang kebenaran mereka”. (Al-Ahzab 8). Dan firman-Nya ,”Kami akan bertindak kepadamu wahai tsaqalain –Jin dan Manusia”. (Ar-Rahman 31). Dan firman-Nya “Apakah mereka merasa aman dari rencana Allah, dan tidaklah merasa aman dari rencana Allah kecuali orang-orang yang merugi”. (Al-A’raf 99). Dan firman Allah Ta’ala, “Demikianlah Tuhanmu apabila menghukum negeri-negeri yang penduduknya melakukan kezaliman, sesungguhnya hukuman Tuhanmu sangatlah pedih dan keras”. (Huud 102). Dan firman-Nya, “Pada hari dimana Kami kumpulkan orang-orang yang bertakwa sebagaimana menyambut perutusan. Dan Kami halau orang-orang yang bebuat jahat ke neraka jahanam secara kasar”. Dan firman-Nya , “Dan tiada seorangpun dari kamu yang tidak masuk ke dalamnya. Itulah keputusan Tuhanmu yang tak dapat dihindarkan”. (Maryam 71). Dan firman Allah Ta’ala, “Berbuatlah sekehendak hatimu sesungguhnya Ia melihat segala apa yang kamu kerjakan”. (Fushilat 40). Dan firman-Nya, “Barang siapa yang menginginkan keuntungan akhirat, maka akan Kami tabah keuntungannya. Dan barang siapa yang menginginkan keuntungan dunia niscaya akan Kami berikan keuntungan itu kepadanya akan tetapi diakhirat kelak ia tiada mendapat bagian”. (Asy-Syura 20). Dan firman-Nya, “Barang siapa yang berbuat kebaikan meskipun sebesar zarrah maka ia akan melihat hasil perbuatanya. Dan barang siapa yang berbuat kejahatan meskipun sebesar zarrah niscaya ia akan melihat hasil perbuatannya”.(Az-Zilzal 7-8). Dan firman Allah Ta’ala, “dan Kami datang (dengan) sengaja kepada pekerjaan yang mereka kerjakan, lalu Kami jadikan debu yang berterbangan”. (Al-Furqan 23). Dan demikian pula firman Allah Ta’ala, “Demi waktu. Sesungguhnya manusia berada dalam kerugian. Kecuali orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal shaleh dan berwasiyat satu sama lain dengan kebenaran dan mewasiyatkan dengan kesabaran. (Al-Ashr 1-2-3).

Maka inilah empat syarat untuk dapat terlepas dari kerugian. Sesungguhnya takutnya para nabi, bersama dengan ni’mat-ni’mat yang berlimpah kepada mereka adalah dikarenakan mereka tidak merasa aman dari rencana Allah Ta’ala. Dan tidak ada yang merasa aman dari rencana Allah selain orang-orang yang merugi. Hingga diriwayatkan bahwasanya Nabi dan Jibril AlaiHimassalaam menangis berdua dikarenakan takut kepada Allah Ta’ala. Maka berfirmanlah Allah Ta’ala, “Mengapa kalian berdua menangis ? Sungguh Aku telah memberikan keamanan kepada kamu berdua”. Maka keduanya menjawab, “Dan siapakah yang dapat merasa aman dari rencana-Mu?” Keduanya, karena mengetahui bahwa Allah Ta’ala itu hanya Dia lah yang mengetahui hal yang ghaib sedang keduanya tidak mengetahui kesudahan dari segala urusan sehingga tidak merasa aman. Adanya firman Allah Ta’ala Telah Aku amankan kalian berdua, maka boleh jadi itu suatu ujian atau cobaan kepada mereka dan rencana bagi keduanya. Sehingga apabila tenaglah ketakutan keduanya maka tampaklah bahwa keduanya telah merasa aman dari rencana Allah Ta’ala dan apa yang dipenuhinya dari perkataannya.

Seperti halnya Nabi Ibrahim AS ketika di letakkan di dalam meriam (manjaniq) beliau berkata, hasbiyaLlah” artinya, “Cukuplah bagiku pertolongan Allah”. Dan adalah do’a ini termasuk doa yang besar. Maka Nabi Ibrahim itu dicoba dan dilawankan dengan Jibril AS di udara (setelah meluncur dari manjanik) Jibril AS berkata, “apakah engkau mempunyai hajat ?” Nabi Ibrahim menjawab, “Adapun kepada engkau maka tidak ada hajat”. Maka jawaban itu adalah untuk memenuhi hakikat ucapannya, HasbiyaLlah- Cukuplah Allah bagiku.

Allah Ta’ala menerangkan yang demikian itu dengan firman-Nya, “Dan Ibrahim yang memenuhi (kewajibannya). (An-Najm 37). Artinya dengan yang diharuskan oleh ucapannya : HasbiyaLlah

Dan seperti yang demikian ini dikhabarkan oleh Allah Ta’ala dari hal Nabi Musa AS dengan firman-Nya, “Keduanya (Harun dan Musa) berdo’a, Wahai Tuhan kami, sesungguhnya kami khawatir bahwa dia (fir’aun) terlebih dahulu bersedia menentang kami atau dia melakukan kekejaman diluar batas. Allah berfirman, ‘Janganlah kalian berdua takut, sesungguhnya Aku beserta kalian berdua. Aku mendengar dan Aku melihat’”. (Thaha45-46).

Bersamaan ketika tukang-tukang sihir melemparkan sihir mereka lalu timbul ketakutan pada diri Nabi Musa AS karena tidak merasa aman dari rencana Allah Ta’ala dan meragukan urusan kepadanya. Sehingga Allah Ta’ala membaharukan keamanan kepadanya dengan firman-Nya,”Janganlah takut sesungguhnya engkau lebih tinggi”. (Thaha 68).

Dan ketika melemah kekuatan kaum muslimin pada perang badar, Nabi SAW berdo’a “Yaa Allah jika binasa pasukan ini niscaya tidak ada lagi di muka bumi orang yang menyembah-Mu”. Maka berkatalah sahabat Abu Bakar RA, “Biarlah Tuhan Engkau memberi pertolongan bagi engkau sesungguhnya Ia memenuhi begi Engkau akan apa yang dijanjikan-Nya”. Dan adalah maqam Abu Bakar As-Shidiq adalah maqam percaya dengan janji Allah. Dan maqam RasuliLlah SAW adalah maqam (kedudukan) takut akan rencana Allah-dan ini lebih sempurna karena yang demikian ini tiada timbul selain dari kesempurnaan ma’rifah terhadap rahasia-rahasia Allah Ta’ala dan ketersembunyian af’al-Nya dan arti dari sifat-sifat-Nya yang diibaratkan dari sebagian apa yang timbul dari rencana itu. Dan tiada seorangpun dari manusia yang mengetahui sifat-sifat Allah Ta’ala. Dan barang siapa yang mengetahui dengan sebenarnya hakikat ma’rifah dan singkat ma’rifahnya daripada meliputi hakikat segala urusan niscaya sudah pasti bersangan ketakutannya. Karena itulah berkata Al-Masiih AS tatkala ditanya kepadanya, “Dan ingatlah ketika Allah berkata kepada ‘Isa bin Maryam, ‘Wahai ‘Isa apakah engkau berkata kepada manusia ambilah aku dan ibuku sebagai tuhan selain Allah ?”. Isa menjawab,Maha Suci Engkau, tidaklah aku mengatakan apa yang bukan menjadi hakku untuk mengatakannya. Jika aku mengatakannya maka sesungguhnya Engkau mengetahunya. Engkau mnegetahui apa yang ada pada diriku dan aku tiada mengetahui apa yang ada pada-Mu”. (Al-Maidah 116).

Dan firman-Nya,”Jika mereka Engkau siksa sesungguhnya mereka adalah hamba-hamba-Mu dan jika Engkau mengampuni mereka sesungguhnya Engkau Maha Kuasa dan Maha Bijaksana”. (Al-Maidah 118). Maka Nabi Isa mneyerahkan urusan kepada kehendak-Nya dan mengeluarkan dirinya secara keseluruhan dari kejelasan. Karena ia mengetahui bahwa tidak ada suatu urusan baginya. Dan karena sesungguhnya semua urusan itu terkait dengan kehendak Allah Ta’ala dengan ikatan yang keluar dari batas yang dapat diketahui dengan akal dan kebiasaan. Oleh karena itu tidaklah mungkin menetapkan hukum atasnya dengan qiyas , tebakan dan kiraan. Terlebih lagi dengan pentakwilan dan keyakinan. Inilah yang meyakinkan hati para ‘arifiin. Karena sesungguhnya bahaya besar adalah terkaitnya urusan engkau dengan kehendak orang yang tiada peduli kepada engkau. Jika berkehendak membinasakan engkau maka sesungguhnya Dia telah pernah membinasakan orang seperti engkau dalam jumlah yang tiada terhingga banyaknya. Dan tidak henti-hentinya menghukum mereka dengan bermacam-macam siksaan dan penyakit. Dan bersama yang demikian Dia mendatangkan penyakit pada hati mereka dengan kekufuran dan kemunafikan kemudian mengabadikan siksaan tersebut selama-lamanya, kemudian Ia mengkhabarkan mereka dengan firman-Nya, “Jika Kami kehendaki nisyaca kami datangkan kepada setiap jiwa akan petunjuknya. Akan tetapi perkatakaan daripada-Ku akan terjadi, akan Aku penuhi neraka jahanam dengan jin dan manusia seluruhnya. (As-Sajdah 13). Dan firman Allah Ta’ala, “Telah tetap firman Tuhanmu, akan Aku penuhi neraka jahanam dengan jin dan manusia bersama-sama”. (Hud 119).

Maka bagaimana tidak merasa takut, bahkan tetah pasti benar firman Tuhan pada zaman azali dan tidak dapat diharapkan dapat mengetahuinya. Dan jikalau urusan itu terjadi baru saja, niscaya harapan – harapan akan dapat membantu kepada daya upaya kepadanya. Akan tetapi tidaklah ada selain hanya berserah diri. Dan penyelidikan yang tersembunyi pada yang lalu itu termasuk sebab-sebab zahiriyah yang terang kepada hati dan anggota badan. Maka barang siapa yang dimudahkan sebab-sebab kejahatannya, dan terhalangnya antara dia dengan sebab-sebab kebajikan dan semakin kokoh hubungannya dengan dunia, maka seakan-akan tersingkap baginya akan rahasia barang yang lalu yang tealh ditetapkan kecelakaan atas dirinya. Karena setiap manusia itu dimudahkan kepada (untuk) apa ia diciptakan.

Dan apabila semua kebajikan dimudahkan, dan hati secara keseluruhan putus dengan dunia, zahir bathinya menghadap kepada Allah Ta’ala niscaya yang demikian ini akan meringankan perasaan takut. Dan apabila yang demikian ini terus menerus, maka akan daapt dipercayakan. Akan tetapi bahaya al-khaatimah dan sukarnya untuk tetap yang demikian itu akan menambah berkobarnya api ketakutan dan tidak mungkin dapat dipadamkan.

Bagaimana dapat merasa aman dari berubahnya keadaan, sedangkan hati orang mukmin itu berada diantara dua Jari dari Jari-Jari Dzat Yang Maha Pengasih. Dan hati itu lebih keras berbolak-baliknya daripada kuali dalam gelagaknya. Dan telah berfirman Dzat Yang Membolak-balikkan hati Azza wa Jalla,”Sesungguhnya terhadap siksaan Tuhan mereka, tidada seorangpun patut merasa aman”. (Al-Ma’arij 28).

Maka sebodoh-bodoh manusia adalah orang yang merasa aman sementara ia diseru untuk berhati-hati. Jikalau Allah Ta’ala tidak berbelas kasih kepada hamba-hamba-Nya yang ma’rifah (‘arifiin) yaitu dengan disemangatkannya hati mereka dengan semangat harap / raja’ niscaya terbakarlah hati mereka dikarenakan api ketakutan. Maka sebab-sebab harap adalah rahmat bagi orang-orang yang telah dikhususkan oleh Allah Ta’ala. Dan sebab-sebab ghaflah (kelalaian) adalah rahmat bagi umumnya makhluk dari satu segi. Jikalau terbukalah tabir penutup, niscaya binasalah diri dan terpotong-potong hati dikarenakan takut kepada Dzat Yang Membolak-balikkan hati.

Sebagian ‘arifiin berkata, “Jikalaulah diantara aku dan orang yang telah aku kenal akan ketauhidannya lima puluh tahun terdinding oleh suatu tiang kemudian ia mati niscaya aku tidak dengan ketauhidannya karena aku tidak mengetahui apa yang tampak padanya dari berbolak-baliknya hati.

Sebagian ‘arifiin berkata, “Jikalau kesyahidan itu ada di pintu depan rumah dan mati dalam islam itu ada di pintu kamar niscaya aku pilih mati dalam islam karena aku tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi pada hatiku antara pintu kamar dan pintu rumah. Dan adalah sahabat Abu Darda’ bersumpah atas nama Allah Ta’ala, “Tidak seorangpun yang merasa aman kepada imannya dari tercabutnya iman itu ketika mati, niscaya akan tercabut. Dan adalah Sahal berkata, “Takutnya golongan shidiqiin terhadap suu-ul khatimah / buruk kesudahan itu terjadi dalam setiap langkah dan pada setiap gerak. Dan mereka itulah orang yang telah disifatkan oleh Allah Ta’ala dengan firman-Nya, “Dan hati mereka itu takut”. (Al-Mukminuun 60).

Tatkala Sufyan Ast-Tsauri menghadapi ajal maka beliau menangis dan gundah. Lalu dikatakan kepadanya, “Wahai Abu AbdiLlah, haruslah engkau berharap/raja’ karena sesungguhnya ampunan Allah Ta’ala itu lebih besar dari pada dosa engkau”. Beliau menjawab, “Adakah (kau lihat) aku menangis karena dosaku ? Jika aku mengetahui bahwa aku akan mati dalam tauhid, niscaya aku tidak peduli bila bertemu dengan Allah Ta’ala dengan membawa dosa sebesar gunung”.

Dan diriwayatkan dari sebagian orang yang ahli takut kepada Allah Ta’ala, bahwa ia berwasiyat kepada sebagian teman-temannya. Ia berkata, “Apabila aku mendekati ajal, maka duduklah engkau di dekat kepalaku. Apabila engkau melihat bahwa aku mati dalam keadaan bertauhid, maka ambilah seluruh hartaku milikku dan belilah dengan harta itu buah lauz (semacam buah-buahan) dan gula dan bagikan semuanya kepada anak-anak penduduk negeri ini. Dan katakanlah ‘ini adalah pesta perkawinan orang yang terlepas dari bahaya. Jika aku mati tidak dalam keadaan bertauhid, maka beritahukan kepada semua orang tentang hal ini agar mereka tidak tertipu ketika melihat jenazahku. Supaya hadir pada jenazahku orang-orang yang suka kepadaku, mengetahuinya dengan betul supaya tidak melekat padaku riya’ setelah wafat nanti’”. Temannya bertanya, “Dengan apa aku mengetahui tanda-tanda itu ?” Lalu ia menyebutkan tanda-tandanya maka teamnnya itu melihat tanda tauhid ketika meninggal. Maka ia membeli gula dan buah lauz lalu membagikannya.

Dan adalah Sahal berkata, “Seorang murid itu taku jika ia dicoba dengan maksiyat. Dan ‘aariif itu takut jika dicoba dengan kekufuran”. Abu Yazid berkata, “Jika aku pergi menuju masjid, maka seolah-olah pada pinggangku ada ikat pinggang. Aku takut jika aku dibawa ke gereja dan tempat api (tempat ibadah orang majusi) dampai aku masuk ke dalam masjid maka terputuslah ikat pinggang itu. Dan yang seperti ini terjadi padaku setiap hari lima kali”.

Diriwayatkan dari Isa Al-Masiih AS bahwa Ia berkata, “wahai para Hawariyyiin, kamu sekalian takut kepada maksiyat dan kami para Nabi takut kepada kufuur. Dan diriwayatkan dalam akhbaar /kisah para nabi AS. Bahwa ada seorang nabi yang mengadu kepada Allah Ta’ala tentang kelaparan, kudis dan tidak berpakaian selama bertahun-tahun, dan baju yang ia pakai adalah baju shuf (pakaian dari bulu domba). Maka Allah Ta’ala memberikan wahyu kepadanya, “Wahai hamba-Ku, tidakkah engkau tidak ridho jika Aku menjaga hatimu dari kufuur terhadap-Ku sehingga engkau meminta dunia kepadaku ?” Maka ia mengambil debu dan menaruh di atas kepalanya (sebagai rasa penyesalan) kemudian berkata, “Ya saya senang wahai Tuhanku, karena itu peliharalah aku dari kekufuran.”

Apabila demikian takutnya para ‘arifiin itu serta teguhnya tapak kaki mereka dan kuatnya iman mereka terhadap suu’ul khaatimah maka bagaimana orang-orang yang lemah tidak merasa takut. Dan bagi buruk kesudahan (suu’ul khaatimah) ada beberapa sebab yang mendahului dari kematian seperti bid’ah, nifaq, dan sombong/takabur dan sejumlah sifat-sifat tercela. Dan karena itu bersangatan takutnya para sahabat dari sifat nifaq sehingga Al-Hasan berkata, “Jika aku mengetahui bahwa diriku telah terbebas dari sifat nifaq, niscaya lebih aku sukai daripada terbitnya matahari.

Dan tidaklah mereka memaksudkan dengan nifaq itu sesuatu yang berlawanan dari pokok iman, akan tetapi yang dimaksudkan ialah apa yang berkumpul serta pokok iman itu lalu orang itu menjadi muslim yang munafik. Dan bagi nifaq itu memiliki banyak tanda-tanda. Telah bersabda RasuluLlah SAW, “Empat perkara apabila terdapat pada diri seseorang maka ia itu munafik sejati meskipun ia shalat, puasa dan mengaku kalau dia itu muslim. Dan jika ada padanya satu perkara dari empat itu maka pada dirinya ada satu cabang dari nifaq hingga ia mau meninggalkannya. Empat perkara itu adalah : satu, orang yang apabila berbicara ia berbohong, dua apabila berjanji ia mengingkari, tiga apabila diberi amanah ia berkhiyanat, empat apabila bermusuhan ia berbuat zalim. Dan pada kata yang lain waidza ‘aahada ghadara, apabila berjanji ia mengingkari”.

Dan para sahabat dan tabi’in telah menafsirkan nifaq dengan penafsiran-penafsiran yang tidak terlepas sedikitpun dari nifaq itu selain dari orang shidiq. Karena Al-Hasan berkata, “Dan termasuk sebagian dari nifaq adalah berlainan antara bathin dengan lahir, berlainan antara lisan dengan hati, berlainan antara yang masuk dan yang keluar”. Siapakah yang terlepas dari pengertian-pengertian ini bahkan semua hal tersebut menjadi kesukaan yang biasa diantara manusia dan manusia itu lupa bahwa itu adalah sesuatu yang munkar secara keseluruhan. Bahkan berlaku pula hal demikian pada masa yang dekat dengan zaman kenabian Nabi Muhammad SAW. Maka bagaimanakah disangkakan pada zaman kita sekarang ini ? Sehingga sahabat Hudzaifah RA berkata, “Jika ada seseorang berkata dengan satu kalimat pada zaman RasuliLlah SAW maka jadilah ia munafik disebabkan oleh perkataannya itu, dan sekarang ini aku mendengarnya dari salah satu diantara kamu sekalian sepuluh kali dalam sehari”.

Dan adalah para sahabat RasuluLlah SAW berkata, “ Sesungguhnya kamu sekalian melakukan amal perbuatan yang lebih halus daripada sehelai rambut menurut pandangan kamu, sedang kami menghitungkannya sebagai dosa besar pada zaman RasuliLlah SAW. Sebagian mereka berkata, “diantara tanda-tanada nifaq adalah bahwa enfkau tidak suka dari orang lain akan perbuatan yang engkau kerjakan seperti perbuatan itu. Bahwa engkau sukai sesuatu dari kezaliman dan engkau marah kepada sesuatu dari kebenaran”. Dan dikatakan, termasuk nifaq adalah apabila ia dipuji atas sesuatu yang tidak ada padanya maka hatinya menjadi ta’jub karenanya.

Seorang laki-laki berkata kepada Ibnu Umar RA, “Sesungguhnya kami memasuki tempat amir-amir dan kami membenarkan perkataan mereka. Dan apabila kami keluar dari mereka maka kami membicarakan tentang hal mereka. Ibnu Umar berkata,”Kami menghitungnya yang demikian ini pada zaman RasuliLlah SAW sebagai nifaq. Diriwayatkan bahwa Ibnu Umar mendengar seseorang mencaci Al-Hajjaj dan menuduhnya. Maka berkata Ibnu Umar, Tidakkah engkau tahu jika Al-Hajjaj berada di sini apakah engkau juga akan berbicara seperti apa yang engkau ucapkan padanya ?”. Pria itu menjawab, “Tidak”. Ibnu Umar berkata, “Kami menghitungkan yang demikian ini sebagai nifaq pada zaman RasuliLlah SAW.” Dan yang lebih berat dari yang demikian adalah apa yang diriwayatkan bahwa ada segolongan orang duduk-duduk di depan pintu Hudzaifah, mereka menantikan menunggunya dan membicarakan sesuatu tentang keadaannya. Tatkala Hudzaifah keluar menemui, mereka langsung diam karena malu kepadanya. Maka berkatalah Hudzaifah, “Berkatalah sebagaimana apa yang kamu perbincangkan”. Dan merekapun diam. Maka berkatalah Hudzaifah, Kami menghitungkannya yang demikian ini sebagai nifaq di zaman RasuliLlah SAW. Dan inilah Hudzaifah yang telah diistimewakan dengan ilmu nifaq dan sebab-sebab nifaq. Dan dia telah berkata, “Akan datang kepada hati suatu saat yang penuh dengan iman sehingga tidak ada tempat bagi nifaq walau sebesar tempat tusukan jarum penjahit. Kemudian datang kepada hati itu suatu saat yang penuh dengan nifaq sehingga tidak ada tempat bagi iman walau sebesar tempat tusukan jarum penjahit.

Dengan ini sungguh kamu telah mengetahui bahwa takutnya para ‘arifiin itu dari buruknya suu’ul khatimah. Dan sebabnya takut itu adalah hal-hal yang mendahuluinya. Diantaranya adalah perbuatan-perbuatan bid’ah, dan diantaranya adalah perbuatan maksiyat, dan diantaranya adalah nifaq. Dan kapankah seorang hamba dapat terlepas dari semua itu. Apabila ia berperasangka bahwa ia telah terlepas maka sesungguhnya ia telah nifaq, karena dikatakan Barang siapa yang merasa aman dari nifaq maka sesungguhnya ia adalah munafiq. Dan sebagian mereka berkata kepada sebagian orang-orang ‘aariif. “Aku taku akan nifaq pada diriku”. Maka ia menjawab, “Jika aku munafik, niscaya aku tidak takut kepada kemunafikan.”

Maka senantiasalah orang ‘aariif itu antara menoleh kepada masa lalu dan pada al-khaatimah (kesudahan) karena takut kepada keduanya. Karena itulah RasuluLlah SAW bersabad, “Hamba yang beriman itu berada diantara dua ketakutan, antara waktu yang telah lalu yang tidak diketahui apa yang diperbuat Allah padanya. Dan antara waktu yang masih ada yang tidak diketahuinya apa yang dikehendaki (ditetapkan) oleh Allah kepadanya. Maka demi diriku yang berada di Tangan-Nya, tidaklah sesudah mati itu tempat kepayahan dan tidak ada sesudah dunia itu tempat tinggal selain surga atau neraka”.

Pada Allah tempat memohon pertolongan.






The True Religion

By Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips


THE RELIGION OF ISLAM

The first thing that one should know and clearly understand about Islam is what the word "Islam" itself means. The religion of Islam is not named after a person as in the case of Christianity which was named after Jesus Christ, Buddhism after Gotama Buddha, Confucianism after Confucius, and Marxism after Karl Marx. Nor was it named after a tribe like Judaism after the tribe of Judah and Hinduism after the Hindus. Islam is the true religion of "Allah" and as such, its name represents the central principle of Allah's "God's" religion; the total submission to the will of Allah "God". The Arabic word "Islam" means the submission or surrender of one's will to the only true god worthy of worship "Allah" and anyone who does so is termed a "Muslim", The word also implies "peace" which is the natural consequence of total submission to the will of Allah. Hence, it was not a new religion brought by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) I in Arabia in the seventh century, but only the true religion of Allah re-expressed in its final form.

Islam is the religion which was given to Adam, the first man and the first prophet of Allah, and it was the religion of all the prophets sent by Allah to mankind. The name of God's religion lslam was not decided upon by later generations of man. It was chosen by Allah Himself and clearly mentioned in His final revelation to man. In the final book of divine revelation, the Qur'aan, Allah states the following:

"This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion". (Soorah Al-Maa'idah 5:3)
"If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah (God) never will It be accepted of Him" (Soorah Aal'imraan 3:85)
"Abraham was not a Jew nor Christian; but an upright Muslim." (Soorah Aal'imraan 3:67)

Nowhere in the Bible will you find Allah saying to Prophet Moses' people or their descendants that their religion is Judaism, nor to the followers of Christ that their religion is Christianity. In fact, Christ was not even his name, nor was it Jesus! The name "Christ" comes from the Greek word Christos which means the annointed. That is, Christ is a Greek translation of the Hebrew title "Messiah". The name "Jesus" on the other hand, is a latinized version of the Hebrew name Esau.

For simplicity's sake, I will however continue to refer to Prophet Esau (PBUH) as Jesus. As for his religion, it was what he called his followers to. Like the prophets before him, he called the people to surrender their will to the will of Allah; (which is Islam) and he warned them to stay away from the false gods of human imagination.

According to the New Testament, he taught his followers to pray as follows: "Yours will be done on earth as it is in Heaven".

THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM

Since the total submission of one's will to Allah represents the essence of worship, the basic message of Allah's divine religion, Islam is the worship of Allah alone and the avoidance of worship directed to any person, place or thing other than Allah.Since everything other than Allah, the Creator of all things, is Allah's creation; it may be said that Islam, in essence calls man away from the worship of creation and invites him to worship only its Creator. He is the only one deserving man's worship as it is only by His will that prayers are answered. If man prays to a tree and his prayers are answered, it was not the tree which answered his prayers but Allah who allowed the circumstances prayed for to take place. One might say, "That is obvious," however, to tree-worshippers it might not be. Similarly, prayers to Jesus, Buddha, or Krishna, to Saint Christopher, or Saint Jude or even to Muhammad, are not answered by them but are answered by Allah. Jesus did nottell his followers to worship him but to worship Allah. As the Qur'aan states:

"And behold Allah will say: "O Jesus the son of Mary Did you say to men, Worship me and my mother as gods besides Allah He will say-"Glory to you I could never say what I had no right (to say')" (Soorah Al-Maa'idah- 5:116)

Nor did he worship himself when he worshipped but rather he worshipped Allah. This basic principle is enshrined in the opening chapter of the Qur'aan, known asSoorah Al-Faatihah, verse 4:

"You alone do we worship and from you alone do we seek help".
Elsewhere, in the final book of revelation, the Qur'aan, Allah also said:
"And your Lord says:"Call on Me and I will answer your(prayer)."(Soorsh Mu'min 40:60)

it is worth noting that the basic message of Islam is that Allah and His creation are distinctly different entities. Neither is Allah His creation or a part of it, nor is His creation Him or a part of Him.

This might seem obvious, but, man's worship of creation instead of the Creator is to a large degree based on ignorance of this concept. It is the belief that the essence of Allah is everywhere in His creation or that His divine being is or was present in some aspects of His creation, which has provided justification for the worship of creation though such worship maybecalled the worship of Allah through his creation. How ever, the message of Islam as brought by the prophets of Allah is to worship only Allah and to avoid the worship of his creation either directly or indirectly. In the Our'aan Allah clearlystates:

"For We assuredly sent amongst every people a prophet,(with the command) worship meand avoid false god
s " (Soorsh Al-Nahl 16:36) When the idol worshipper is questioned as to why

he or she bows down to idols created by men, the invariable reply is that they are not actually worshipping the stone image, but Allah who is present within it. They claim that the stone idol is only a focal point for Allah's essence and is not in itself Allah! One who has accepted the concept of the presence of God's being within His creation in any way will be obliged to accept this argument of idolatry. Whereas, one who understands the basic message of Islam and its implications would never concede to idolatry no matter how it is rationalized. Those who have claimed divinity for themselves down through the ages have often based their claims on the mistaken belief that Allah is present in man. They merely had to assert that although Allah according to their false beliefs, is in all of us, He is more present in them than in the rest of us. Hence, they claim, we should submit our will to them and worship them as they are either God in person or God concentrated within the person.

Similarly, those who have asserted the godhood of others after their passing have found fertile ground among those who accept the false belief of God's presence in man. One who has grasped the basic message of Islam and its implications could never agree to worship another human being under any circumstances. God's religion in essence is a clear call to the worship of the Creator and the rejection of creation-worship in any form. This is the meaning of the motto of Islam:

"Laa Elaaha lllallaah" (There is no god but Allah)

Its repetition automatically brings one within the fold of Islam and sincere belief in it guarantees one Paradise.

Thus, the final Prophet of Islam is reported to have said, "Any one who says: There is no god but Allah and dies holding that (belief) will enter paradise".(Reported by Abu Dharr and collected by Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim).

It consists in the submission to Allah as one God, yielding to Him by obeying His commandments, and the denial of polytheism and polytheists.

THE MESSAGE OF FALSE RELIGION

There are so many sects, cults, religions, philosophies, and movements in the world, all of which claim to be the right way or the only true path to Allah. How can one determine which one is correct or if, in fact, all are correct? The method by which the answer can be found is to clear away the superficial differences in the teachings of the various claimants to the ultimate truth, and identify the central object of worship to which they call, directly or indirectly. False religions all have in common one basic concept with regards to Allah. They either claim that all men are gods or that specific men were Allah or that nature is Allah or that Allah is a figment of man's imagination.

Thus, it may be stated that the basic message of false religion is that Allah may be worshipped in the form of His creation. False religion invites man to the worship of creation by calling the creation or some aspect of it God. For example, prophet Jesus invited his followers to worship Allah but those who claim to be his followers today call people to worship Jesus, claiming that he was Allah!

Buddha was a reformer who introduced a number of humanistic principles to the religion of India. He did not claim to be God nor did he suggest to his followers that he be an object of worship. Yet, today most Buddhists who are to be found outside of India have taken him to be God and prostrate to idols made in their perception of his likeness.

By using the principle of identifying the object of worship, false religion becomes very obvious and the contrived nature of their origin clear. As God said in the Our'aan:

That which you worship besides Him are only names you and your forefathers have invented for which Allah has sent down no authority: The command belongs only to Allah:

He has commanded that you only worship Him; that is the right religion, but most men do not understand ". (Soorah Yoosuf 12:40)

It may be argued that all religions teach good things so why should it matter which one we follow. The reply is that all false religions teach the greatest evil, the worship of creation. Creation-worship is the greatest sin that man can commit because it contradicts the very purpose of his creation. Man was created to worship Allah alone as Allah has explicitly stated in the Our'aan:

"I have only created Jlnns and men, that they may worship me"(Soorah Zaareeyaat 51:56)

Consequently, the worship of creation, which is the essence of idolatry, is the only unforgivable sin. One who dies in this state of idolatry has sealed his fate in the next life. This is not an opinion, but a revealed fact stated by Allah in his final revelation to man:

"Verily Allah will not forgive the joining of partners with Him, but He may forgive (sins) less than that for whom so ever He wishes"(Soorah An- Nisaa 4:48 and 116)

THE UNIVERSALITY OF ISLAM

Since the consequences of false religion are so grave, the true religion of Allah must be universally understandable and attainable, not confined to any people, place or time. There can not be conditions like baptism, belief in a man, as a saviour etc., for a believer to enter paradise. Within the central principle of Islam and in its definition, (the surrender of one's will to God) lies the roots of lslam's universality. Whenever man comes to the realization that Allah is one and distinct from His creation, and submits himself to Allah, he becomes a Muslim in body and spirit and is eligible for paradise. Thus, anyone at anytime in the most remote region of the world can become a Muslim, a follower of God's religion, Islam, by merely rejecting the worship of creation and by turning to Allah (God) alone-It should be noted however, that the recognition of and submission to Allah requires that one chooses between right and wrong and such a choice implies accountability. Man will be held responsible for his choices, and, as such, he should try his utmost to do good and avoid evil. The ultimate good being the worship of Allah alone and the ultimate evil being the worship of His creation along with or instead of Allah. This fact is expressed in the final revelation as follows:

"Verily those who believe, those who follow the Jewish (Scriptures), the Christians and the Sabians any who believe In Allah and the last day, and work righteousness *hall have their reward with their Lord;They will not be overcome by fear nor grief (Soorah Al-Baqarah 2:62).
If only they had stood by the law, the Gospel, and all the revelation that was sent to them from their Lord, they would have enjoyed happiness from every side. There Is from among them a party on the right course; but many of them follow a course that Is evil.". (Soorah Al-.Maa'idah 5:66)

RECOGNITION OF ALLAH

The question which arises here is, "How can all people be expected to believe in Allah given their varying- backgrounds, societies and cultures? For people to be responsible for worshipping Allah they all have to have access to knowledge of Allah. The final revelation teaches that all mankind have the recognition of Allah imprinted on their souls, a part of their very nature with which they are created.

In Soorah Al-A'raaf, Verses 172-173; Allah explained that when He created Adam, He caused all of Adam's descendants to come into existence and took a pledge from them saying, Am I not your Lord? To which they all replied, " Yes, we testify to It:'

Allah then explained why He had all of mankind bear witness that He is their creator and only true God worthy of worship. He said, "That was In case you (mankind) should say on the day of Resurrection, "Verily we were unaware of all this." That is to say, we had no idea that You Allah, were our God. No one told us that we were only supposed to worship You alone. Allah went on to explain That it was also In case you should say, "Certainly It was our ancestors who made partners (With Allah) and we are only their descendants; will You then destroy us for what those liars did?" Thus, every child is born with a natural belief in Allah and an inborn inclination to worship Him alone called in Arabic the "Fitrah".

If the child were left alone, he would worship Allah in his own way, but all children are affected by those things around them, seen or unseen.

The Prophet (PBUH) reported that Allah said, "I created my servants in the right religion but devils made them go astray". The Prophet (PBUH) also said, "Each child is born in a state of "Fitrah", then his parents make him a Jew, Christian or a Zoroastrian, the way an animal gives birth to a normal offspring. Have you noticed any that were born mutilated?" (Collected by Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim).
So, just as the child submits to the physical laws which Allah has put in nature, his soul also submits naturally to the fact that Allah is his Lord and Creator. But, his parents try to make him follow their own way and the child is not strong enough in the early stages of his life to resist or oppose the will of his parents. The religion which the child follows at this stage is one of custom and upbringing and Allah does not hold him to account or punish him for this religion.

Throughout people's lives from childhood until the time they die, signs are shown to them in all regions of the earth and in their own souls, until it becomes clear that there is only one true God (Allah). If the people are honest with themselves, reject their false gods and seek Allah, the way will be made easy for them but if they continually reject Allah's signs and continue to worship creation, the more difficult it will be for them to escape. For example, in the South Eastern region of the Amazon jungle in Brazil, South America, a primitive tribe erected a new hut to house their main idol Skwatch, representing the supreme God of all creation. The homage to the God, and while he was in prostration to what he had been taught was his Creator and Sustainer, a mangy old flea-ridden dog walked into the hut, The young man looked up in time to see the dog lift its hind leg and pass urine on the idol. Outraged, the youth chased the dog out of the temple, but when his rage died down he realized that the idol could not be the Lordof the universe. Allah must be elsewhere. he now had a choice to act on his knowledge and seek Allah, or to dishonestly go along with the false beliefs of his tribe. As strange as it may seem, that was a sign from Allah for that young man. It contained within it divine guidance that what he was worshipping was false.

Prophets were sent, as was earlier mentioned, to every nation and tribe to support man's natural belief in Allah and man's inborn inclination to worship Him as well as to reinforce the divine truth in the daily signs revealed by Allah. Although, in most cases, much of the prophets' teachings became distorted, portions remained which point out right and wrong. For example, the ten commandments of the Torah, their confirmation in the Gospels and the existence of laws against murder, stealing and adultery in most societies. Consequently, every soul will be held to account for its belief in Allah and its acceptance of the religion of Islam; the total submission to the will of Allah.

We pray to Allah, the exalted, to keep us on the right path to which He has guided us, and to bestow on us a blessing from Him, He is indeed the Most Merciful. Praise and gratitude be to Allah,the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be on prophet Muhammed, his Family, his companions, and those who rightly follow them.

Senin, 05 Mei 2008

Lebih Utama Khauf atau Raja'

Penjelasan bahwa yang lebih utama itu adalah bersangatannya harap atau bersangatannya takut atau sedang dari keduanya.


Ketahuilah sesungguhnya hadits yang menerangkan keutamaan khauf (takut) dan raja (Harap) sangatlah banyak. Dan terkadang seseorang yang memperhatikan akan melihat keduanya lalu terliputi oleh keraguan manakah yang lebih utama dari keduanya. Ada yang mengatakan bahwa khauf itu lebih utama atau raja (yang lebih utama). Itu adalah pertanyaan yang tidak benar, seperti mereka yang mengatakan bahwa roti itu lebih utama daripada air minum. Adapun jawaban yang benar adalah bahwa roti itu lebih utama bagi orang yang lapar, sedangkan air itu lebih utama bagi orang yang kehausan. Apabila keduanya bersama-sama, maka dilihat mana yang lebih bersangatan. Apabila lapar yang dominan, maka roti lebih utama dan apabila haus yang lebih kuat, maka air minumlah yang lebih utama. Dan apabila keduanya seimbang, maka seimbang pula. Dan ini karena setiap apa yang dimaksudkan bagi sesuatu, maka jelaslah kelebihannya tidak pada dirinya sendiri. Adapun khauf dan raja adalah obat yang dengan keduanya hati akan diobati, dan keutamaan keduanya tergantung penyakit yang ada. Apabila bersangatan di dalam hati penyakit merasa aman dari siksa Allah Ta’ala dan tertipunya diri dengan hal ini, maka khauf atau takut lebih utama. Dan apabila yang menguasahi hati itu perasaan putus asa dari rahmat Allah, maka raja’ atau harap lebih utama. Maka demikian pula apabila yang bersangatan pada hamba adalah perbuatan maksiyat, maka khauf lebih utama. Dan boleh juga dikatakan secara mutlak bahwa takutlah yang lebih utama atas penta’wilan yang dikatakan bahwa roti itu lebih utama dari sakanjabiin karena dengan roti akan dapat dihilangkan rasa lapar sedangkan dengan sakanjabiin dihilangkan dengannya penyakit kuning. Dan kelaparan lebih urgen dan lebih banyak terjadi daripada penyakit kuning maka kebutuhan akan roti itu lebih banyak, jadi dialah yang lebih utama. Oleh karena itu dengan i’tibar ini dapat dikatakan bahwa khauf lebih utama karena maksiyat dan ketertipuan diri lebih banyak terjadi pada makhluk dan lebih menguasai. Dan jikalau dilihat dari tempat munculnya takut dan harap, maka haraplah yang lebih utama karena raja / harap itu mendapat curahan dari lautan rahmat sedang siraman takut itu berasal dari lautan amarah. Dan barang siapa yang memperhatikan sifat-sifat Allah Ta’ala yang menghendaki kasih sayang dan rahmat niscaya kasih sayang atas dirinya adalah lebih mengerasi. Dan tiadalah di balik kasih sayang itu tingkat (maqam).

Adapun takut maka tempat sandarannya adalah menoleh pada sifat-sifat yang menghendaki kekerasan maka tidaklah dicampuri kasih sayang sebagaimana turut campurnya bagi harap. Kesimpulannya, apa yang dikehendaki bagi yang lainnya seyogyanya dipakaikan kepadanya dengan istilah yang lebih patut, bukan dengan istilah lebih utama.

Maka kami katakan, bahwa bagi kebanyakan makhluk maka sifat khauf /takut adalah lebih patut bagi mereka daripada raja’. Yang demikian ini karena banyaknya maksiyat. Adapun orang-orang yang taqwa yang meninggalkan perbuatan dosa baik lahir maupun bathinnya, yang tersembunyi maupun yang terang-terangan, maka yang lebih patut bagi mereka adalah seimbang antara khauf dan raja’. Dan karena inilah “Apabila ditimbang khauf orang mukmin dan raja’ –nya maka samalah ia. Diriwayatkan bahwa ‘Ali KarramaLlahu Wajhah berakta kepada sebagian putera beliau, “Wahai anakku, takutlah kepada Allah dengan takut apabila engkau datang kepada Allah dengan membawa kebaikan seluru penduduk bumi niscaya tidak akan diterima-Nya semua itu darimu. Dan berharaplah kepada Allah dengan melihat jika engkau datang kepada Allah dengan membawa kejahatan seluruh penduduk bumi maka Allah akan mengampunimua.

Dan karena inilah telah berkata Umar RA., “Jika seluruh manusia diseru untuk masuk neraka kecuali satu orang, maka aku berharap bahwa akulah satu orang itu, dan apabila diseru kepada seluruh manusia untuk memasuki surga kecuali satu orang, maka takutlah aku jika akulah seorang itu”. Dan inilah ibarat dari bersangatannya takut dan harap dan sedangnya serta kebanyakan dan kekerasan akan tetapi di atas jalan berlawanan dan bersamaan. Maka seperti Umar RA seyogyalah bahwa bersamaan rasa takut dan harapnya.

Adapun orang yang bermaksiyat yang berperasangka bahwa ia adalah laki-laki yang dikecualikan dari orang-orang yang diperintahkan masuk neraka, maka yang demikian ini menunjukkan akan ketertipuannya.

Jika engkau mengatakan “seperti Umar, tidak seyogyanya khaufnya dan raja’nya seimbang / sama, akan tetapi seyogyanya lebih kuat raja’ (harap) nya seperti yang telah diterangkan dahulu pada awal kitab raja’. Dan kekuatannya seyogyalah menurut kekuatan sebab-sebabnya sebagaimana dicontohkan pada tanam-tanaman dan bibit.

Dan telah dima’lumi bahwa orang yang menebarkan bibit yang sehat pada bumi yang bersih dan ia bersungguh – sungguh mengusahakannya dan ia memenuhi apa yang dibutuhkan pada syarat-syarat bercocok tanam, niscaya kuatlah pada hatinya harapan untuk mendapatkan hasilnya dan tidaklah sama antara takut dan harapanya. Maka kondisi seperti inilah seharusnya yang ada pada orang-orang yang bertaqwa”.....

Maka ketahuilah bahwa orang yang mengambil ilmu berdasarkan dari lafadz dan contoh-contoh, akan banyaklah tergelincirnya. Yang demikian itu Walaupun kami telah mengemukakan contoh, maka tidaklah itu serupa/sesuai pada setiap segi dengan apa yang sedang kami bicarakan, karena sebab mengerasnya raja’ adalah ilmu yang dihasilkan dari percobaan / pengalaman, karena ia tahu dengan pengalaman itu akan sehatnya bumi dan bersihnya, sehatnya bibit da sehatnya udara, dan sedikitnya halilintar yang merusakkan pada tempat-tempat itu dan lain-lain.

Sesungguhnya contoh permasalahan kita adalah bibit yang belum dicoba jenisnya yang ditaburkan di tempat yang asing/ganjil, belum diketahui oleh penanam dan belum dicobainya, dan tanah itu ada pada negeri yang tiada diketahui adakah banyak halilintar padanya atau tidak. Maka perumpamaan penanaman yang demikian ini walaupun ia habiskan tenaganya, dan didatangkannya setiap kemampuannya, maka tiada akan mengalahkan khaufnya atas harapannya.

Dan yang dimaksud bibit pada masalah kita ini adalah iman. Dan syarat-syarat sahnya iman itu sangat halus. Dan yang dimaksud tanah/buumi adalah hati. Dan yang tersembunyi dari kekejian dan kebersihannya itu adalah dari syirik yang tersembunyi, nifak dan ria’. Dan kesembunyian akhlak padanya itu kabur. Dan bahaya-bahayanya itu adalah nafsu syahwat dan keelokan dunia dan berpalingnya hati padanya di masa mendatang meskipun selamat sekarang, dan yang demikian itu tidak dapat dibuktikan dan tidak dapat diketahui dengan pengalaman, karena terkadang datang dari sebab-sebab akan apa yang tidak disanggupi melawannya dan tidak pernah dicobakan / dialami seperti yang demikian.

Dan halilintar itu adalah huru hara hari kiyamat dan bergoncangnya i’tikad padanya. Dan yang demikian adalah dari apa yang tidak pernah dicobakan. Kemudian mengetam dan mengetahui ketika perpindahan dari kiyamat ke surga, yang demikian ini belum juga dicoba. Maka orang yang mengetahui hakikat dari perkara-perkara ini, jika ia lemah hati, penakut pada dirinya, maka sudah pasti akan lebih kuatlah khaufnya daripada raja’-nya sebagaimana akan dikisahkan tentang keadaan orang-orang yang takut dair para sahabat dan tabi’in. Dan apabia ia kuat hati, tetap hati dan sempurna ma’rifah, niscaya samalah takutnya dan harapnya. Adapun bahwa harapnya mengalahkan takutnya maka tidaklah demikian.

Dan adalah Umar RA bersangatan dalam menyelidiki hatinya, sehingga ia bertanya kepada Hudzaifah RA, adakah HUdzaifah mengetahui bekas-bekas kemunafikan, karena Hudzaifah itu telah dikhususkan oleh RasuluLlah SAW dengan mengetahui orang-orang yang munafik.

Maka siapakah orangnya yang mampu mengatakan sucinya hati seseorang dari kesembunyian nifak dan syirik yang tersembunyi ? Dan jikalau seseorang meyakini kebersihan hatinya pada yang demikian, maka darimana ia dapat merasa aman akan taqdir tidak baik Allah Ta’ala dengan penyerupaan halnya atas demikian dan penyembunyian kekurangannya dari yang demikian ?. dan jikalau ia mempercayai yang demikian, maka dari mana ia dapat mempercayai dengan ketetapannya di atas yang demikian sampai pada kesempurnaan khusnul khaatimah ?

Dan telah bersabda RasuluLlah SAW, “Sesungguhnya seseorang mengerjakan amal ahli surga selama lima puluh tahun sehingga tiada tinggal antara dirinya dan surga melainkan hanya sejengkal – pada riwayat lain – selain sekedar masa berhenti diantara dua kali perahan susu unta (untuk menunggu banyaknya susu) . Maka mendahului pada orang itu suratan amal lalu dicapkan / distempelkan baginya dengan amal perbuatan ahli neraka”.

Dan kadar berhenti diantara dua kali perahan susu unta adalah tidak memungkinkan adanya amal perbuatan dengan anggota badan akan tetapi sekadar gurisan yang masuk di dalam hati ketika mati lalu menghendaki suu’ul khaatimah – maka bagaimana merasa aman dari yang demikian.

Jadi yang paling ujung dari tujuan orang mukmin adalah sedang takutnya dan harapnya. Dan kuatnya harap / raja’ pada kebanyakan manusia itu disebabkan bersandar pada kepentingan diri sendiri dan sedikitnya ma’rifah. Dan oleh karena itulah Allah Ta’ala mengumpulkan keduanya pada sifat-sifat orang yang dipuji-Nya. Maka telah berfirman Allah Ta’ala, “Yad’uuna Rabbahum khaufan wathama’an” yang artinya, “Mereka menyeru Tuhannya dengan penuh ketakutan dan penuh harap”.

Dan Allah Azza wa Jalla berfirman, “Wayad’uunaNaa Ragaban wa rahaban” yang artinya, “Mereka berdoa kepada Kami dengan perasaan harap dan takut”. (Al-Anbiya 90).

Dan manakah contoh Umar RA itu ? maka manusia yang ada pada zaman ini, lebih baik bagi mereka semua jika lebih kuat perasaan takutnya dengan syarat takut itu tidak mengeluarkan mereka kepada perasaan putus asa dan meninggalkan amal, dan merasa putus dari ampunan Allah Ta’ala sehingga menyebabkan kemalasan bagi mereka untuk mengerjakan amal dan membawa kepada terjerumusnya ke dalam perbuatan maksiyat, maka demikian ini adalah putus asa bukannya takut.

Sesungguhnya takut ialah yang dapat menggerakkan kepada amal, megeruhkan semua nafsu syahwat, dan mengejutkan hati dari kencenderungan kepada dunia dan membawanya kepada berjalan dari negeri ketertipuan. Maka itulah takut yang terpuji, bukan bisikan hati yang tidak membekas pada pengekangan- nafsu syahwat - atau menggerakkan - kepada amal-, dan bukan pula pemutus asaan – dari rahmat Allah Ta’ala- yang menyebabkan putus asa.

Dan telah berkata Yahya bun Mu’adz RA, “Barang siapa yang beribadah kepada Allah Ta’ala atas dasar khauf/takut semata, maka ia akan tenggelam ke lautan fikir. Dan barang siapa yang menyembah-Nya atas dasar raja’/harap semata maka ia akan berjalan dalam padang pasir ketertipuan”. Dan barang siapa yang mneyembah-Nya dengan khauf dan raja’ maka ia berjalan lurus pada tempat beralasannay dzikir”.

Makhul Ad-Dimasyqi berkata, “Siapa yang menyembah Allah Ta’ala dengan khauf maka ia orang merdeka. Siapa yang menyembah Allah Ta’ala dengan raja’ maka ia adalah pengharap. Barang siapa yang menyembah-Nya dengan mahabbah /cinta, maka ia adalah orang zindiq . dan barang siapa yang menyembah-Nya dengan khauf, raja’ dan mahabbah, maka mereka itulah orang-orang muuhidiin –Orang yang bertauhid/mengesakan Allah Ta’ala”.

Jadi tidak boleh tidak daripada mengumpulkan diantara hal-hal tersebut, dan lebih kuatnya khauf itu lebih patut, akan tetapi sebelum mendekati mati. Adapun pada keadaan mendekati kematian, maka yang lebih patut adalah kuatnya harap dan baik sangka Allah Ta’ala, karena takut sesungguhnya berlaku sebagaimana berlakunya cemeti untuk membangitkan amal perbuatan – dan telah terlewatlah waktu untuk beramal (karena akan mati). Dan orang yang emndekati kematian tidaklah mampu melakukan amal, kemudian ia tidak mampu kepada sebab-sebab ketakutan. Maka yang demikian itu memutuskan gantungan hatinya dan membantu kepada kesengsaraan matinya. Adapun semangat harap – ketika mendekati mati- maka itu akan menguatkan hatinya dan harapnya akan mencintakannya kepada Tuhannya yang ia akan kembali kepada-Nya. Dan tidak sepatutnya-lah meninggalkan dunia melainkan dalam keadaan mencintai Allah Ta’ala, agar dapat senang berjumpa dengan Allah Ta’ala. Karena orang yang senang akan perjumpaan dengan Allah Ta’ala maka Allah Ta’ala-pun senang untuk berjumpa dengannya. Dan harap ­itu berdampingan dengan mahabbah/cinta. Maka siapa yang mengharap kemurahan-Nya niscaya Allah Ta’ala ia cintai.

Dan tujuan ilmu serta amal adalah ma’rifah (mengenal) kepada Allah Ta’ala sehingga ma’rifah akan membuahkan kecintaan, karena sesungguhnya tempat kembali adalah kepada-Nya, dan datang dengan kematian itu kepada-Nya. Dan siapa yang datang kepada yang dicintainya, niscaya besarnya kegembiraan menurut besarnya kecintaan. Dan barang siapa yang berpisah dari kecintaannya, niscaya besarlah cobaan dan azabnya.

Oleh karena itu apabila hati yang mengeras kepadanya, ketika menghadapi mati dengan kecintaan atas keluarga, anak-anak dan harta benda, tempat tinggal, sawah ladang, teman dan sahabat, maka inilah orang yang seluruh kecintaannya adalah kepada dunia. Maka dunialah yang menjadi surganya, karena surga ibarat suatu tempat untuk mengumpulkan semua kekasih. Maka matinya itu merupakan keluar dari surga dan dinding antara dia dan apa yang dirinduinya.

Dan tidak tersembunyi keadaan orang yang terhalang antara dia dengan yang dicintainya selain Allah Ta’ala dan selain dzikir kepada-Nya, dan selain ma’rifah dan fikir kepada-Nya. Sedangkan dunia dan segala sangkut pautnya itu selalu menggangguinya dari yang dicintainya.

Oleh karena itu dunia sesungguhnya adalah penjara karena penjara adalah ibarat tempat yang menghalangi dari bersenang-senang dengan yang dicintai. Dengan demikian kematiannya itu pada hakekatnya adalah mendatangi kepada yang dicintainya dan selamat dari penjara. Dan tidaklah tersembunyi keadaan orang yang terlepas dari penjara, dan dibiarkan ia bersama kekasihnya dengan tidak ada yang melarang dan mengeruhkan. Maka inilah permulaan apa yang dijumpai oleh setiap orang yang meninggalkan dunia, akan mendapat balasan setelah kematiannya itu dengan pahala dan siksa, terlebih lagi apa yang disediakan oleh Allah Ta’ala bagi hamba-Nya yang shaleh dari apa yang belum pernah terlihat oleh mata, belum pernah terdengar oleh telinga dan tidak pernah terguris dalam hati manusia. Terlebih lagi apa yang disediakan Allah Ta’ala bagi hamba-hamba yang memilih mencintai dunia dari pada akhirat, dan ridha kepada dunia, dan hatinya tenang dengan kenikmatan dunia daripada belenggu dan rantai-rantai pasung dan berbagaimacam kehinaan dan yang menakutkan. Maka kita bermohon kepada Allah Ta’ala mati dalam keadaan sebagai Muslim dan dipertemukan dengan orang-orang shaleh. Dan tiada harapan kepada terkabulnya do’a ini selain dengan mengusahakan kasih sayang dari Allah Ta’ala. Dan tidak ada jalan kepada hal ini selain mengeluarkan kecintaan kepada selain-Nya dari hati dan memutus segala perhubungan terhadap segala sesuatu selain Allah Ta’ala –dari kedudukan, dan harta benda dan tempat tinggal.

Maka yang lebih utama kia berdoa dengan do’a yang dipanjatkan oleh RasuluLlah SAW, “Allahummar zuqny HubbaKa wahubba man ahabba-Ka, wahubba man yuqarribuny ilaa hubbi-Ka. Waj’al hubba-Ka ahabba ilayya minal maa’il baaridi” yang artinya, “Yaa Allah berilah aku kecintaan kepada-Mu dan mencintai orang yang cinta kepada-Mu, dan mencintai orang yang mendekatkanku kepada-Mu, dan jadikanlah kecintaan kepada-Mu sebagai sesuatu yang lebih aku cintai daripada air yang dingin”.

Dan yang dimaksud adalah kuatnya harap ketika akan mati itu lebih patut karena ia lebih menarik kepada mahabbah / kecintaan. Sedangkan kuatnya takut ketika belum dekat dengan kematian itu lebih patut karena lebih menarik kepada pembakaran nafsu syahwat dan lebih mencegah kecintaan terhadap dunia dari dalam hati. Karena itulah telah bersabda RasuluLlah SAW, “Jangan sekali-kali mati kamu sekalian melainkan dalam keadaan berbaik sangka kepada Tuhannya”.

Dan telah bersabda Allah Ta’ala, “Aku tergantung persangkaan hamba-Ku kepada-Ku. Maka berperasangkalah kepada-Ku sekehendaknya”.

Ketika Sulaiman At-Taimy mendekati ajal, berkatalah ia kepada puteranya, “Hai anakku, berbicaralah kepadaku akan hal-hal yang mudah/rukhsah dan sebutkanlah kepadaku tentang harap sehingga aku dapat berjumpa dengan Allah Ta’ala dalam keadaan khusnudhan kepada-Nya.

Demikian pula etuka Ats-Tsuuri mendekati wafat dan bersangatan kegundahannya, lalu beluai mengumpulkan para ulama di sekelilingnya untuk memberikan harapan kepadanya.

Dan telah berkata ahmad bin Hambal kepada puteranya ketika wafat, “Sebutkan kepadaku hadits-hadits yang menerangkan harap dan berbaik sangka kepada Allah Ta’ala / husnudhan.

Dan maksud dari semua ini adalah mencintakan dirinya kepada Allah Ta’ala. Karena itulah Allah Ta’ala berfirman kepada Dawud AS, “perkasihkanlah Aku kepada hamba-hamba Ku”

Nabi Dawud AS bertanya, “Dengan apa ?”

Allah Ta’ala menjawab, “Dengan menyebutkan kebaikan, ni’mat /rahmat-Ku kepada mereka.

Jadi, puncak kebahagiaan adalah jika seseorang mati dalam keadaan cinta kepada Allah Ta’ala, dan itu dapat dihasilkan dengan ma’rifah dan mengeluarkan kecintaan terhadap kenikmatan dunia dari dalam hati sehingga dunia dan seisinya baginya tak ubahnya seperti penjara yang menghalangi dari Yang Dicintai. Karena itulah sebagian orang saleh melihat Abu Sulaiman Ad-Daarani di dalam mimpi bahwa beliau terbang di udara. Lalu yang bermimpi itu bertanya kepada Abu Sulaiman lalu Abu Sulaiman menjawab, “Sekarang aku terlepas”.

Ketika pagi harinya ia (orang yang bermimpi) menanyakan keadaan Abu Sulaiman, maka diberitakan kepadanya bahwa Abu Sulaiman kemarin telah meninggal.




The Muslim's Belief

Shaikh Muhammad as-Saleh Al-'Uthaimin
Translated by Dr. Maneh Al-Johani


Table of Contents

Translator's Foreword
Preface of Shaykh Abd al Aziz Ibn Baz
Author's Introduction

Chapter I: Our Creed
Belief in Allah's Lordship, Oneness, and Attributes Allah's Will Universal and Legal - More of Allah's Attributes - Describing Allah by His Revelation.

Chapter II: The Qur'an and Sunnah
Sources of His Attributes - Free From Contradictions.

Chapter III: Angels
Belief - Angel's Functions.

Chapter IV: Allah's Books
Belief - Books Known - The Qur'an Is Protected from Change - Previous Scriptures Changed.

Chapter V: Messengers
Belief - The First and Last Messengers - The Best Messengers - Messengers are Human Beings - Islam The Universal and Final Message - Rightly Guided Caliphs ~ The Prophet's Companions

Chapter VI: The Day of Judgment
Belief - The Resurrection - The Records and Scales - The Prophet's Intercession - The Prophet's Pool - The Straight Path - Paradise and Hell - What Happens in the Grave

Chapter VII: Fate and the Divine Decree
Belief - Levels of Belief - Man's Free Will - No Excuse for Sinners - Evil Not Attributable to Allah

Chapter VIII: Benefits
Virtues of Belief in Allah - Virtues of Belief in Angels - Virtues of Belief in Books - Virtues of Belief in Messengers - Virtues of Belief in Day of Judgment Virtues of Belief in Fate


In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Preface of Shaykh Abd al Aziz Ibn Baz

Praise belongs to Allah alone; peace and blessing on the last Prophet, his family and his Companions.

I was introduced to the valuable and concise treatise on the Muslim's belief prepared by our brother, the great scholar Shaikh Muhammad As-Saleh al-Uthaimin. I listened to it all and found that it covers the creed of the Sunnites and the mainstream majority of the Muslims in the area of the oneness of Allah, His attributes, the belief in the angels, the books and the messengers, the Day of Judgment, and in the belief in fate and the divine decree. He succeeded in collecting what the seeker of knowledge and every Muslim needs for his belief in Allah, His angels, His scriptures, His messengers, the Day of Judgment, and fate. He included in his treatise useful information related to the Muslim's beliefs that are not readily available in many of the books written on these topics. May Allah reward the author, increase him in knowledge and guidance, and make this book and his other books most useful. May Allah, the Hearer and the Close, bless us and him and all our brothers and make us among those who are guiding and rightly guided to call people to Allah with sure knowledge.

Dictated by 'Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, may Allah forgive him and shower peace and blessing on our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.


Translator's Foreword

I found this treatise of the Muslim's creed a concise and useful presentation of a very important topic. The need for this treatise, especially among non-Arabic speaking readers, cannot be overestimated. Therefore, I decided to translate it and make it accessible to English readers.

I would like to draw the attention of the readers to the following points:

- I gave the book the title THE MUSLIM'S BELIEF instead of the author's Aqidatu Ahl As Sunnah wa al Jama'ah, which may be translated as The Creed of the People of the Sunnah and Majority. I think my preference is justified by: a) The title I preferred is shorter; b) The two titles have almost the same meaning; c) The original title contains some technical terms that are not only difficult to translate, but also difficult to understand by many readers; and d) The original title may antagonize some readers who are misinformed about the true designations of the words in the original title.

- I provided, in parentheses after every Qur'anic verse, the numbers of chapters and verses quoted by the author without giving their proper reference. This I deemed useful for readers who do not know the Qur'an by heart and who would like to check these verses.

- Because the author, in most cases, quotes or paraphrases some of the prophetic traditions without indicating them to the readers, I tried, whenever I could recognize these traditions, to put them in quotations and to cite in parentheses the prophetic collections in which they are reported. In most cases, I limited myself to the collections of Bukhari and Muslim whenever the saying is quoted from them. If it is not in these two collections, I mention one or two of the other collections that contain the quoted saying.

- I provided the arrangement of the text into chapters and headlines for ease of reading and understanding. I also provided a table of contents for ease of reference.

- In translating the Qur'anic verses quoted in this treatise, I did not follow any specific translation of the Qur'an. I benefited from more than one, but followed my own preference.

It is my sincere desire and hope that this book would be of great help to those who consult it. Please include in your prayer all those who contributed to its present shape.

Dr. Maneh Hammad al-Johani


Author's Introduction

Praise be to the Lord of the universe who gives the best reward to the God-fearing and the great loss to the transgressor. I bear witness that there is no God but Allah; He has no partner and possesses real sovereignty. I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger; the seal of the prophets and the leader of the God-fearing. May Allah bless him, his family, his Companions, and those who follow them till the Day of Judgment.

Allah has sent His messenger Muhammad, peace be upon him, with the real guidance and the true religion as a mercy to mankind, as a model for those who do good, and as His argument against mankind. Through Muhammad and what was revealed to him (the Qur'an and the Prophetic sayings), Allah showed mankind all means of reforming itself and straightening its religious and mundane affairs in sound beliefs, right conduct, fine morals, and laudable manners. The Prophet, peace be upon him, "left his followers on a clear straight path, only the doomed will deviate from it"(Ibn Majah and Ahmad). His followers, the Companions, their followers, and those who followed them faithfully are the best of mankind. They established his law, upheld his way, and held fast to it as a belief and practice, a moral and manner. Thus "they are considered the party who are victorious, on the straight path, unharmed by those who are against them till the end of the world" (Bukhari and Muslim).

Thanks to Allah, we are following their footsteps and are being guided by their examples, which are supported by the Qur'an and the prophetic traditions. We are saying this only as an announcement of Allah's blessings and as a clarification of what every Muslim should believe. We pray to Allah that He may keep us and our brothers on the straight path in this life and in the hereafter. May He give us mercy, for He is the Giver.

Due to the importance of this topic and the difference of opinions about it, I want to explain briefly our creed-the belief of the Sunnites and the mainstream Muslims (Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah). This creed is the belief in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Day of Judgment, and fate, whether good or bad. I pray to Allah to make this effort sincere for His sake, in agreement with His wish, and useful for His people.


Chapter I
OUR CREED

Our creed is to believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Day of Judgment, and Fate whether good or bad.

Belief in Allah's Lordship, Oneness, and Attributes:

We believe in Allah's divinity; that is he is the Lord, the Creator, the Sovereign, and the Manager of all affairs.

We believe in Allah's god ship; that is, He is the true God and every other so-called deity is false.

We believe in His names and attributes, that is He has the most magnificent names and the sublime perfect attributes.

We believe in His oneness in all of this, that is, He has no associate in His divinity, His God ship, His names, or His attributes. Allah says in the Qur'an: "He is the Lord of the heavens and the Earth and all that is in between them, so worship Him and be patient in His worship; do you know any equal to Him?" (19:65).

We believe that He is "Allah there is no God but He, the Living, the Everlasting. Slumber does not seize Him, neither sleep; to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and the Earth. Who is there that shall intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not encompass anything of His knowledge except what He wills. His throne extends over the heavens and the Earth, the preservation of them does not burden Him; He is the High, the Great" (2:255).

We believe that "He is Allah, there is no god but He, the Knower of the Unseen and the Visible. He is the Most Gracious, Most Merciful. He is Allah, there is no God but He, the King, the Holy One, the Source of Peace, the Keeper of Faith, the Guardian, the Almighty, the Subduer, the Sublime. Glory be to Allah above what they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Shaper. His are the most beautiful Names. All that is in the heavens and the Earth glorifies Him. He is the Almighty, the Wise" (59:22-4). ¥ We believe that to Him belongs the Kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth: "He creates what He pleases. He gives, to whom He wills, females, and He gives, to whom He wills, males, or He couples them, males and females; and He makes whom He wills barren. Surely, He is the Knowing, the Powerful" (42:49-50).

We believe that "there is nothing whatever like unto Him, He is the All-hearing, the All-seeing. To Him belongs the keys of the Heavens and the Earth. He enlarges and restricts provisions to whom He wills. Surely He has knowledge of everything" (42:11-12).

We believe that "there is no creature that moves on the Earth but its provision depends on Allah. He knows its dwelling and its resting place. All is recorded in a clear book" (11:6).

We believe that "with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them but He. He knows what is in land and sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it. Not a grain in the deep darkness of the Earth, not a thing green or dry but it is in a clear Book" (6 :5 9 ).

We believe that "Allah alone has the knowledge of the Hour, sends down rain, and knows what is in the wombs. No soul knows what it shall earn tomorrow, and no soul knows in what land it shall die. Surely, Allah is All-knowing, All-aware" (31:34).

We believe that Allah speaks whatever He pleases whenever He pleases: "And Allah spoke to Moses directly" (4:164); "And when Moses came at Our appointed place, and his Lord spoke to him" (7:143 ); "We called to him from the right side of the Mount (Sinai), and We brought him near in communion" (19:52).

We believe that "if the ocean became ink for the words of my Lord, the ocean would be finished before the words of my Lord came to an end" (18:109); "And if all the trees that are in the earth were pens, and the ocean (were ink), with seven oceans swelling it therefore, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Surely, Allah is Mighty, Wise" (31 :27).

We believe that Allah's words are the most truthful in conveying information, the most just in ruling, and the fairest in conversation. He said: "The word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and justice" (6:115); "And who is more truthful in his word than Allah?" (4:87).

We believe that the Qur'an is Allah's word. He literally spoke it to Gabriel, who conveyed it to the Prophet, peace be upon him: "Say (O Muhammad) 'the Holy Spirit has brought it down from your Lord in truth"' (16:102); "Truly it is the revelation of the Lord of the world brought down upon your heart by the Faithful Spirit so that you may be one of the warners, in a clear Arabic tongue" (26:192-95).

We believe that Allah is well above His creatures in His Person and His Attributes, because He says: "He is the High, the Great" (2:22); "He is Supreme over His servants, and He is the Wise, the All-aware" (6:18 ).

We believe that He "created the Heavens and the Earth in six days, then He settled Himself on the throne; He manages everything" (10:3). His "settling on the throne" means that He is sitting in person on His throne in a way that is becoming to His majesty and greatness. Nobody except He knows exactly how He is sitting.

We believe that He is with His creatures while He is still on His throne. He knows their conditions, hears their sayings, sees their deeds, and manages their affairs. He provides for the poor and the broken.

He gives sovereignty to whom He pleases and takes away sovereignty from whom He pleases; He exalts whom He wills and He abases whom He wills. In His hand is all good and He is powerful over everything. Whoever possesses these qualities is literally with His creatures even if He is literally above them on His throne. "There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him; He is the All-hearing, the All-seeing" (42: 11).

We do not say, as do the Incarnationists among the Jahomites and others, that Allah is living with His creatures on Earth. We consider whoever says this a non-believer or one who has strayed, for he attributed to Allah that which does not become Him of defects.

We believe in what His Messenger told us, that He descends to the near sky before the last third of every night and says: "Who prays to Me and I will answer his prayers? Who asks Me and I will give him? Who asks My forgiveness and I will forgive him?" (Bukhari and Muslim).

We believe that He will come on the Day of Judgment to judge among His people because He said: "No indeed! When the Earth is crushed to powder, and your Lord comes down with the angels in rows after rows, and Hell is brought out that day. On that day man will remember, but what will remembrance avail him?" (89:21-23).

We believe that he is the Doer of what He wills.

Allah's Will: Universal and Legal:

We believe that His will is of two kinds: a) Universal will, through which His intention is carried out. It is not necessary that what is carried out is liked by Him. This type of will means permission, as Allah said: "Had Allah willed, they would not have fought one against the other, but Allah does whatever He desires," (2:253) and "If Allah desires to lead you astray, He is your Lord" (11:34), and b) Legal will, which does not necessarily entail the execution of His desire. His will, in this case, cannot be but what He likes, as He said: "Allah wants to forgive you" (4:27).

We believe that His universal and legal wills are part of His wisdom. Every thing He performs in the universe or requires legally from His creatures is for a good reason and according to His wisdom, whether we grasp it or not: "Is not Allah the best of Judges?" (95:8); "And who is better than Allah in judgment for a people who have firm faith" (5:50).

We believe that Allah loves His select servants and that they love Him: "Say if you love Allah, follow me and Allah will love you" (3:31); "Allah will bring a people whom He will love and who will love Him" (5:54); "Allah loves the steadfast" (3:146); "And act justly, surely, Allah loves the just" (49:9); and "Do good; Allah loves those who do good" (5:93).

We believe that Allah likes what He prescribed of good deeds and sayings and He dislikes what He prohibited of bad deeds and sayings: "If you disbelieve, surely Allah does not need you, yet He does not like disbelief for His servants; if you are thankful, this pleases Him"(39:7); and "But Allah disliked their marching forth. So He kept them back, and it was said to them: 'Stay with the weaklings"(9: 46).

We believe that Allah is pleased with those who believe in Him and do good deeds: "Allah is well pleased with them and they are well pleased with Him. That is for him who fears his Lord" (98:8).

We believe that Allah is angry with those who deserve His anger among the non-believers and others: "And those who think evil thoughts of Allah, against them shall be the evil turn of fortune. Allah is angry with them" (48:6); " But whoever opens his heart to disbelief, on them is Allah's wrath and they shall have a severe punishment" (16:106).

More of Allah's Attributes: We believe that Allah has a glorious and dignified face: "There will remain the face of your Lord, majestic and splendid" (55:27).

We believe that Allah has two generous hands: "No, both His hands are wide open; He spends how He pleases" (5:64); "They do not esteem Allah with the esteem that is due to Him. The whole Earth will be His handful on the Day of Resurrection, and the Heavens will be rolled up in His right hand. Glory be to Him and exalted is He above that which they associate with Him" (39:67).

We believe that Allah possesses two real eyes, because He said: "And build the ark under Our eyes as We reveal" (11:37). The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "His veil is light. Had He removed it, the sublimity of His countenance would have burnt all that His sight reached" (Muslim and Ibn Majah). The Sunnites unanimously have agreed that He has two eyes. This is supported by the Prophet's saying about the Dajjal (the anti-Christ) that "he is one-eyed and your Lord is not one-eyed" (Bukhari and Muslim).

We believe that "vision cannot perceive Him, but He perceives all vision. He is the Incomprehensible, the All-aware" (6:103).

We believe that the believers will see their Lord on the Day of Resurrection: "Upon that day some faces shall be radiant, gazing upon their Lord" (75:22-3).

We believe that Allah has no equal because His Attributes are perfect: "There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him. He is the All-hearing, the All-seeing" (42:11). ¥ We believe that "no slumber or sleep seizes Him" (2:255), because His life is perfect and eternal.

We believe that He does not do injustice to anybody, because His fairness is perfect.

We believe that He is not unaware of his servants' deeds, because He has perfect supervision and comprehensive knowledge.

We believe that He is capable of doing anything in the Heavens or in the Earth, because of His perfect knowledge and power: "Indeed His command, when He desires a thing, is only to say to it 'Be' and it is" (36: 82).

We believe that He is free from weariness and weakness, because of His infinite power: "Surely, We created the Heavens and the Earth and all that is between them in six days, and no weariness touched Us" (50: 38).

Describing Allah by His Revelation:

We believe in all that He assigned to Himself or what His Messenger described Him with, of names and attributes. However, we reject two concepts: 1) To say or believe that Allah's attributes are similar to those of his creatures; and 2) To say or believe that Allah's attributes are like such and such.

We negate all what He negated about Himself or what His Messenger negated about Him. We believe that negation implies the affirmation of its perfect opposite. We do not discuss what He or His Messenger did not mention about Him.

We believe that following this approach is a must, because what Allah affirmed or negated concerning Himself is a statement He made about Himself. He knows Himself best. His words are most just and trustful, and people cannot know everything about Him. What Allah's Messenger affirmed or negated about Him is a statement that he made about Allah. Besides knowing Allah better than anyone, he is the most truthful, sincere, and eloquent among people. Thus, in what Allah said and what His Prophet said concerning His names and attributes is the truth, knowledge, and clarification. Therefore, we have no excuse to reject or even hesitate in accepting it.


Chapter II
THE QUR'AN AND THE SUNNAH

Sources of His Attributes:

All that we have mentioned about Allah's attributes, whether briefly or in detail and affirmatively or negatively, is based on the book of our Lord (the Qur'an) and the traditions of our Prophet. It also agrees with the practice of the previous generations of Muslims and the rightly guided scholars who came after them.

We believe it is obligatory to take the texts of the Qur'an and the prophetic traditions conceding Allah's attributes at their face value and to interpret them in a way that is suitable to Almighty Allah. We reject the practice of those who twist the meanings of these texts and understand them in a way that was not intended by Allah and His messenger.

We also reject the practice of those who make them devoid of their meanings as conveyed by Allah and His Messenger. Finally, we reject the approach of those who exaggerate, who gave them a physical interpretation that makes Allah similar to some of His creatures.

Free from Contradictions:

We know for sure that what is revealed in Allah's book and in the traditions of His Messenger is the truth. It does not contain any contradiction: "Do they not ponder over the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah, surely they would have found in it a lot of differences" (4: 82).

Contradictions in statements falsify them. It is impossible for there to be a contradiction in any statement revealed by Allah and said by His Messenger, peace be upon him. Whoever claims that there are contradictions in the Qur'an, the prophetic traditions, or between the two must have wicked intentions and a misguided heart. He should repent and quit his sin. If someone imagines that there are some contradictions in the Qur'an, the sayings of the Prophet, or between these two, this must be a result of his little knowledge, inadequate understanding, or lack of deep thinking. Therefore, he should seek knowledge and do his best to reflect upon matters until the truth is clear to him. If, after all of these efforts, the truth is not clear to him, he should leave the whole matter to the One who knows it and should quit his imagination. He should say, as do those who are firmly rooted in knowledge: "We believe in it, all is from our Lord" (3:7). He must know that there are neither contradictions nor differences in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, or between the two.


Chapter III
ANGELS

Belief in Angels:

We believe in the existence of the angels of Allah and that they are "honored servants. They do not speak before He does, and they act only by His command" (21:26). Allah created them, and they worship and obey Him. Those who are in His presence do not disdain to worship Him, nor do they weary" (21:19).

Angels are concealed from us, so we cannot see them. Allah may show them to some of His servants. The Prophet Muhammad saw Gabriel in his real shape with six hundred wings that covered the horizons (Bukhari and Muslim). Gabriel took the form of a handsome human being who met Mary and engaged in conversation with her. He came to the Prophet while he was among his Companions in the appearance of an unknown man who did not show any trace of long travel, with very white clothes, and very black hair. He sat facing the Prophet, his knees to the Prophet's knees, peace be upon him, and his palms on the Prophet's thighs and talked with the Prophet. The Prophet later told his Companions that the man they saw was Gabriel (Bukhari and Muslim).

Angels' Functions: We believe that the angels are assigned certain functions. Among the angels is Gabriel, who is entrusted with revelation. He brings it down from Allah to whomever He wishes among His prophets and messengers.

Among them is Michael, who is in charge of rain and the growth of plants; Israfil, who is in charge of blowing the horn at the time of thunder-bolting and the resurrection; the Angel of Death, who takes away people's souls at the time of death. Among the angels is the one who is in charge of mountains; and Malik, the keeper of Hell.

Some angels are in charge of embryos in wombs, others are responsible for protecting human beings, and others are busy recording men's deeds: there are two angels for every person, "when the two angels receive (his deeds), one sitting on the right and one on the left, not a word he utters but by him is an observer ready" (50:18). Some other angels are in charge of questioning the dead after he is placed in his last abode. Two angels come to him and ask him about his Lord, his religion, and his prophet. There "Allah confirms those who believe with the firm saying, in the present life and the hereafter, and Allah leads astray the evildoers and Allah does what He wills" (14:27).

Some angels are in charge of the dwellers of Paradise: "The angels enter to them from every gate, saying: 'Peace be upon you for that you were patient. How excellent is your final home"' (13:24).

The Prophet, peace be upon him, told us that "seventy thousand angels enter or pray in the populous house in heaven every day. They never come back to it as long as they live" (because their turn will never come) (Bukhari and Muslim).


Chapter IV
ALLAH'S BOOKS

Belief in Allah's Books:

We believe that Allah revealed books to His messengers as proof against mankind and a guidance for the righteous workers. They purified and taught them wisdom by these books.

We believe that Allah sent down a book with every messenger, because He says: "Indeed We sent down Our messengers with the clear signs, and We sent down with them the book and the balance, so that people may uphold justice" (57:25).

Books Known:

Among the books that were revealed, we know:

I ) The Torah, which was revealed to Moses, peace be upon him. It is the greatest among the Israelites' books: "Surely, We sent down the Torah, wherein is guidance and light; by its laws the Jews have been judged by the prophets who surrendered themselves to Allah, the rabbis and the doctors of law, because they were entrusted the protection of Allah's book and were witnesses thereto" (5:44).

2) The Gospel, which Allah revealed to Jesus, peace be upon him. It is a confirmation of the Torah and a complement to it: "And we gave him the Gospel, wherein is guidance and light and confirming the Torah before it, as a guidance and an admonition to the God-fearing" (5:46); "And to make lawful to you certain things that, before, were forbidden to you" (3:50).

3) The Psalms, which Allah gave to David, peace be upon him.

4) The Tablets of Abraham and Moses, peace be upon them.

5) The Glorious Qur'an, which was revealed to His Prophet Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets. It is "a guidance to the people and clear signs of guidance and the criterion between right and wrong" (2:185). The Qur'an Is Protected from Change:

The Qur'an is "confirming the scripture that was before it and stands as a guardian over it." Thus, by means of the Qur'an, Allah abrogated all the previous revealed books. Allah has also guaranteed its protection from any play or mischievous distortion: "Indeed, We sent down the message and We will guard it" (15:9), for the Qur'an is a proof against mankind till the Day of Judgment.

Previous Scriptures Changed:

The previous scriptures were meant for a limited period. Their use ended with the revelation of the Qur'an, which abrogated them and exposed their distortions and changes. That is why they were not protected from corruption. They underwent distortion, addition, and omission: "Some of the Jews pervert words from their meanings" (4:46); "So woe to those who write the Book with their hands, and then say: 'This is from Allah,' that they may sell it for a little price. So woe to them for what their hands have written, and woe to them for their earnings" (2:79); "Say, who sent down the Book that Moses brought as a light and a guidance to people? You put it into sheets of paper showing some of them and concealing much" (6:91); "And there is a group among them who twist their tongues with the Book, that you may think it is a part of the Book but it is not part of the Book. And they say 'It is from Allah,' yet it is not from Allah, and they tell a lie against Allah and they know it. It is not for any human being to whom Allah has given the Book, the Wisdom and the Prophet hood to say to men 'Worship me instead of Allah"' (3:79); "People of the Book! Our Messenger has come to you, making clear to you many things you have been concealing of the Book and forgiving you of much. A light has come to you from Allah and a glorious Book, with which He will guide whoever follows His pleasure in the way of peace, and brings them forth from darkness into the light by His will" (5:15-16).


Chapter V
MESSENGERS

Belief in Messengers:

We believe that Allah has sent to His people messengers who were "bringing good tidings and warning, so that mankind might have no argument against Allah after the Messengers. Allah is All-mighty, All-wise" (4: 165).

The First and Last Messengers:

We believe that the first among the messengers is Noah and the last is Muhammad, peace be upon them all: "We revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him" (4: 163); and "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets" (33:40).

The Best Messengers:

We believe that the best among the messengers is Muhammad, then Abraham, Moses, Noah, and Jesus, son of Mary. It is they who are meant by the following Qur'anic verse: "And when We took a compact from the prophets, and from you, and from Noah, and Abraham, then Moses, and Jesus, son of Mary. We took from them a solemn compact" (33:7).

We believe that Muhammad's message, peace be upon him, includes all the merits of the messages of those dignified messengers, because Allah says: "He ordained for you what He enjoined on Noah and what He revealed to you and what He enjoined on Abraham, Moses and Jesus; namely, establish this faith and be united in it" (42:13).

Messengers Are Human Beings:

We believe that all messengers are created human beings who have none of the divine qualities of Allah. Allah, the Exalted, said about Noah, who was the first among them: "I do not say to you, 'I possess the treasures of Allah.' I do not know the unseen, and I do not say 'I am an angel"' (11:31) Allah directed Muhammad, who is the last among them, to say: "I do not say to you I possess the treasures of Allah, nor do I know the unseen, and I do not say to you I am an angel" (6:50); and to say that "I have no power to bring profit or hurt for myself, but only as Allah wills" (7:188); and: "I have no power to hurt or benefit you. Say none can protect me from Allah, nor can I find any refuge besides Him" (72:91-2).

We believe that the messengers are among Allah's servants. He blessed them with the message and described them as servants, in the context of praising and honoring them. He says about Noah, the first among them: "You are the descendants of those whom We carried with Noah, he was a truly thankful servant" (17:3).

Allah said about the last among them, Muhammad, peace be upon him: "Blessed be He who sent down the Qur'an to His servant, that he may warn mankind" (25:1). As for some other messengers, he said: "And mention Our servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, men of might and vision" (38:45); "And remember Our servant David, who was a mighty and penitent man" (38: 17); "And to David, We gave Solomon, he was an excellent and penitent servant" (38:30).

Allah said about Jesus, son of Mary: "He is only a servant whom We blessed and We made him an example to the children of Israel" (43: 59).

We believe that Allah concluded all messages with the message of Muhammad, peace be upon him, to all people, because He said: "Say, 'O mankind, I am Allah's Messenger to you all. To him belongs the Kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth; there is no god but He. He ordains life and death. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet who believes in Allah and His words. Follow him so that you may be rightly guided"' (7:158).

Islam: The Universal and Final Message:

We believe that the Shari'ah of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, is the religion of Islam, which Allah has chosen for His servants. He does not accept any other religion from anyone, for He, the Exalted, said: "Surely, the true religion in Allah's sight is Islam" (3:19), "Today I have perfected your religion for you and I have completed My favor upon you, and I have chosen Islam to be your religion" (5:3), and "Whoever desires a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from Him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers" (3:85).

It is our opinion that whoever claims that any religion other than Islam is acceptable, such as Judaism, Christianity and so forth, is a non believer. He should be asked to repent.

It is also our opinion that whoever rejects the universal message of Muhammad, peace be upon him, rejects the message of all messengers, even if he claims that he believes and follows His Messenger. Allah, the Exalted, said: "Noah's people rejected the Messengers" (26:105). Thus, Allah considered them as rejecting all of the messengers despite the fact that there was no messenger before Noah. This is also clear from the following verses: "Those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers, and wish to make division between Allah and His Messengers, and say: 'We believe in some and disbelieve in others,' wishing to take a midway course. Those indeed are the unbelievers, and We have prepared for the unbelievers a humiliating punishment"(4:150-51).

We believe that there is no prophet after Muhammad, Allah's Messenger, peace be upon him. Whoever claims prophet hood after him, or believes in anyone claiming it, is a disbeliever and one who rejects Allah, His Messenger, and the Muslims' consensus.

The Rightly Guided Caliphs:

We believe that the Prophet, peace be upon him, has rightly guided successors who carried out his Sunnah in spreading knowledge calling to Islam, and managing the Muslims' affairs. We believe that the best among them and the most entitled to the caliphate was Abu Bakr as Siddiq, then 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, then 'Uthman Ibn Affan and then 'All Ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with them all. Thus their succession to the caliphate was according to their virtues. Allah, the Exalted, who possesses infinite wisdom, would not appoint a ruler over the best of generations unless he was the most superior among them and had the best claim to caliphate.

We believe that the inferior among those rightly guided companions can be superior in a specific virtue to those who were better than him but that he does not deserve absolute superiority, for the elements constituting superiority are varied and numerous.

We believe that the Muslim Ummah is the best among nations, and Allah, the Dignified and Exalted, has blessed it, because He said: "You are the best nation ever brought forth for mankind, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and believing in Allah" The Prophet's Companions:

We believe that the best among the Muslim Ummah are the Prophet's Companions, then their followers, and then those who followed them.

We also believe that a group of this Ummah will always remain victorious on the right path, unharmed by those who let them down or those who oppose them, until the Day of Judgment.

We believe that the disputes that took place among the Prophet's Companions were the result of sincere interpretations that they worked hard to reach. Whoever was right among them will be rewarded twice, and whoever was wrong among them will be rewarded once and his mistake will be forgiven.

It is our opinion that we should stop talking about their mistakes and mention what they deserve of beautiful praise. We should purify our hearts from hatred and malice against any of them, because Allah said about them: "They are not equal: those among you who spent and who fought before the conquest of Makkah. Those are higher in rank than those who spent and fought afterwards. But to all Allah has promised a great reward" (57:10). And Allah said about us: "And those who came after them say: 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith, and do not put in our hearts any malice against those who have believed. Our Lord, You are the most Kind, Most Merciful"' (59:10).


Chapter VI
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT

Belief in the Day of Judgment:

We believe in the Final Day, which is the Day of Judgment, when people will be resurrected and then told to remain in the abode of enjoyment or in the abode of severe punishment.

The Resurrection:

We believe in the resurrection, which is Allah's bringing to life all those who have died, and when Israfil shall blow the horn for the second time: "And the trumpet shall be blown, and all who are in the heavens and who are in the Earth shall fall down fainting, except those that Allah shall spare. Then, it shall be blown again and they shall rise gazing around them" (39:68). People will arise from their graves, answering the call of the Lord of the universe. They will be barefooted, naked, and uncircumcised: "As We started the first creation, so We shall bring it back again. This is a promise from Us, so We shall assuredly fulfill it" (21: 104).

The Records and Scales:

We believe in the records of deeds that will be given to people in their right hands or behind their backs, in the left hands: "As for him who is given his book in his right hand, he shall surely receive an easy reckoning and he will return to his family rejoicing. But as for him who is given his book behind his back, he shall call for destruction on himself and will burn in a blazing fire" (84:7-12); "Every man's work We have fastened on his own neck, and on the Day of Judgment We shall bring out for him a book which he will see spread open, saying: 'Read your own book! Enough for you this day that your own soul should call you to account"' (17:13-14).

We believe that scales of deeds will be set up on the Day of Judgment, and that no soul shall be wronged: "Whoever has done an atom's weight of good shall see it" (99:7-8); "Those whose scales are heavy, they are the successful; but those whose scales are light, they are the ones who have lost their souls in Hell dwelling forever. The fire will burn their faces, and there they will be gloomy with lips displaced" (23: 102-4); and "He that does a good deed shall be rewarded ten times the like of it, and he that does evil shall only be rewarded the like of it, and they shall not be wronged" (6:160).

The Prophet's Intercession:

We believe in the special great intercession of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. He will plead with Allah, after His permission and on behalf of mankind, to judge among His servants when they suffer from worries and troubles that they cannot bear. They will go to Adam, then to Noah, then to Abraham, then to Moses, then to Jesus, and finally to Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.

We believe in the intercession that concerns some believers who were to be taken out from the fire. This mediation is granted to the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and to others among the prophets, the believers, and the angels.

We believe also that Allah will save from hell some of the believers without the intercession of any one, but by His grace and mercy.

The Prophet's Pool:

We believe in the pool of the Prophet, peace be upon him, the water of which is whiter than milk and sweeter than honey and better in fragrance than musk. Each of its length and width is the distance of a month's travel. Its glasses are as stars in beauty and number. The believers among the Prophet's followers come to take from this great cistern a drink after which they will never be thirsty.

The Straight Path:

We believe in the straight path (sirat) set up over hell. People pass over it according to their deeds: the first of them as fast as lighting, then as fast as wind, then as fast as birds, and then as fast as a running man. The Prophet will be standing on the path, saying: "Lord, Save! Save!," as some people's deeds will fall short. Some of them will come crawling. At both sides of the path there are hooks designed to take whom Allah wills: some are saved but bruised; others are thrown into hell. (Bukhari and Muslim).

We believe in all that is mentioned in the Qur'an or the prophetic sayings concerning that day and its horrors, may Allah save us from them.

We believe in the intercession (Shafa'ah) of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, for the people of paradise to enter therein. This intercession is exclusively limited to the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.

Paradise and Hell:

We believe in paradise and hell. Paradise is the abode of enjoyment which Allah, the Exalted, prepared for the righteous. No eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard of, and no human being has ever thought of the blessings that they will enjoy there: "No soul knows what comfort is kept hidden for them, as a reward for their deeds" (32:17). Hell is the abode of punishment that Allah has prepared for the unbelievers and the evildoers. The torture and horror in it cannot be imagined: "Surely, We have prepared for the evildoers a fire, whose pavilion encompasses them. If they call for help, they will be helped with water like molten copper which will scald their faces. How dreadful a drink and how evil a resting place!" (18:29).

Both paradise and hell exist now and will never perish: "Whoever believes in Allah and does righteousness, He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein for ever. Allah had indeed made for him an excellent provision" (65-11); "Certainly, Allah has cursed the unbelievers and prepared for them a blazing fire to dwell therein forever, they shall find neither protector nor helper. On the day when their faces are turned about in the fire they shall say: 'Would that we had obeyed Allah and obeyed the Messenger!"' (33: 64-6).

We confirm paradise to whom it is confirmed in the Qur'an or the prophetic traditions either by name or description. Among those who are granted paradise and mentioned by name are Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'All and others who were specified by the Prophet, peace be upon him (Bukhari and Muslim). Among those whom we confirm to enter paradise because they fit the description are the faithful and the pious.

We likewise confirm hell to whom it is confirmed in the Qur'an and the sayings of the Prophet, whether in name or description. Among those who are mentioned by name to be in hell are Abu Lahab, 'Amr Ibn Luhai al-Khuza'i, and others (Bukhari and Muslim). Confirmation of hell that is based on description includes every unbeliever, polytheist, or hypocrite.

What Happens in the Grave:

We believe in the Trial of the Grave, which involves questioning the deceased person in his grave about his Lord, his religion, and his prophet. There "Allah confirms those who believe with a firm saying, in the present life and the hereafter" (14:27). The believer will say: "Allah is my Lord, Islam is my religion, and Muhammad is my prophet." The unbeliever or the hypocrite will say: "I do not know. I heard the people saying something and I said it."

We believe in the comfort of the grave for the believers: "Those whose lives the angels take in state of purity, saying 'peace be on you; enter paradise for what you were doing' (16:32).

We believe in the punishment of the grave for the transgressing unbelievers: "If you could only see when the evildoers are in the agonies of death and the angels are stretching out their hands, saying, 'Give up your souls! Today you shall be rewarded with the punishment of humiliation for what you used to say untrue about Allah, and for scornfully rejecting His signs"' (6:93). The sayings of the Prophet are numerous and well-known in this area. A Muslim must believe in all that is reported in the Qur'an and the prophetic traditions concerning the unseen matters. He should not contradict it by his worldly experience, because the affairs of the hereafter cannot be measured by the affairs of this life. The difference between them is very great. Allah is the source of help.


Chapter VII
FATE AND THE DIVINE DECREE

Belief:

We believe in Fate, whether good or bad, which Allah has measured and ordained for all creatures according to His previous knowledge and as deemed suitable by His wisdom.

Levels of Belief:

Belief in Fate has four levels: 1) Knowledge: We believe that Allah, may He be exalted, knows everything. He knows what has happened and what will happen and how it will happen. His knowledge is eternal. He does not acquire a new knowledge nor does he forget what He knows.

2) Recording: We believe that Allah has recorded in the secured tablet (al Lowh al Mahfuz) whatever is going to happen until the Day of Judgment: "Did you not know that Allah knows all that is in heaven and Earth? Surely that is in a book. Surely that for Allah is an easy matter" (22:70).

3) Will: We believe that Allah has willed everything in heaven and Earth. Nothing happens except by His will. Whatever He wills will take place, and whatever He does not will not take place.

4) Creation: We believe that "Allah is the Creator of all things; He is the Guardian over all things, and to Him belong the keys of the heavens and the Earth" (39:62-3). This level includes whatever Allah Himself does and whatever His creatures do. Thus each saying, deed, or omission of the people is known to Allah, Who has recorded, willed, and created them: "To those among you who will to be upright. But you shall not will except as Allah wills, the Lord of the Worlds" (81:2829); "And had Allah willed they would not have fought one against the other; but Allah does whatever He desires" (2:253); "Had Allah willed, they would not have done so, but leave them alone and their false inventions" (6:137); and "And Allah created you and what you do" (37:96). Man's Free Will:

We believe, however, that Allah has granted man a power and a free will by which he performs his actions. That man's deeds are done by his power and free will can be proven by the following points:

1) Allah says: "So approach your fields (wives) when and how you will" (2:223); and "Had they desired to go forth, they would have made some preparation for it" (9:46). In these verses, Allah affirmed for man "a going forth" by his will and "a preparation" by his desire.

2) Directing man to do or not to do. If man has no free will and power, these directions mean that Allah is asking man to do that which he cannot do. This proposition is rejected by Allah's wisdom, mercy and truthful statement: "Allah does not charge a soul beyond its capacity" (2:286).

3) Praising the virtuous for his deeds and blaming the evildoer for his actions and rewarding each of them with what he deserves. If the action is not done by the individual's free will, then praising the virtuous is a joke and punishing the evildoer is an injustice, and Allah is, of course, far from joking and being unjust.

4) Allah has sent messengers who are "bearing good tidings, and warning, so that mankind might have no argument against Allah after the messengers" (4:165). If the individual's action is not performed by his free will, his argument is not invalidated by the sending of messengers.

5) Every doer of actions feels that he does or does not do a thing without any coercion. He stands up and sits, comes in and goes out, travels and stays by his own free will without feeling anybody forcing him to be any of these actions. In fact, he clearly distinguishes between doing something of his own free will and someone else forcing him to do that action. The Islamic law also wisely distinguishes between these states of affairs. It does not punish a wrongdoer for an action done under compulsion.

No Excuse for Sinners:

We believe that the sinner has no excuse in Allah's divine decree, because he commits his sin by his free will, without knowing that Allah has decreed for him, for no one knows Allah's decree before it takes place: "No soul knows what it will earn tomorrow" (31:34). How can it be possible, then, to present an excuse that is not known to the person who is advancing it when he commits his offense? Allah invalidated this type of argument by saying: "The idolaters will say 'Had Allah willed, we would not have been idolaters, neither our fathers, nor would we have forbidden anything.' So did the people before them cry lies until they tasted our might. Say: 'Have you any proofs that you can show us? You follow nothing but assumption, and you are Lying"' (6:148). We say to the sinner who is using divine decree as an excuse: 'Why did you not perform deeds of obedience, assuming that Allah has decreed them upon you, since you did not know the difference between good deeds and sins? That is why, when Prophet Muhammad told his Companions that everyone's position in paradise or hell has been assigned, they said: 'Should not we rely on this and stop working?' He said: 'No, work and everyone will be directed to what he is created for"' (Bukhari and Muslim).

We say to the sinner who is trying to find an excuse in the divine decree: "Suppose you want to travel to Makkah. There are two roads that may take you there. You are told by a truthful person that one of these roads is dangerous and difficult, the other is easy and safe. You will take the second one. You will not take the first road and say it is decreed upon me. If you did, people would consider you crazy."

We may also say to him: "If you are offered two jobs, one of which has a higher salary, you will certainly take the one with the higher salary. Why do you choose what is lower in the hereafter and use the divine decree as an excuse?"

We may further say to him: "We see you when you are afflicted with a disease, you knock at every physician's door looking for treatment and bearing whatever pain that may result from surgical operations and the bitterness of medicine. Why do not you do the same when your heart is spiritually sick with sins?"

Evil Not Attributed to Allah:

We believe that evil should not be attributed to Allah, due to His perfect mercy and wisdom. The Prophet said: "And evil is not attributable to You" (Muslim). Thus Allah's decree by itself has no evil whatsoever, because it is coming from mercy and wisdom. Evil may, however, result from some of His decrees, because the Prophet said in the supplication for gunut which he taught to al-Hasan: "And protect us from the evil of what You decreed" (Tirmidhi and others). Here, the Prophet attributed evil to what He decreed. Despite this, evil in His decree is not pure evil. It is rather evil in one respect and good in another, or it is evil in one case and good in another. Thus corruption in the land resulting from drought, disease, poverty, and fear is evil, but it is good in another respect. Allah, the Exalted said: "Corruption has appeared on the land and sea for what men's hands have earned. Allah has ordained this for men, so that they may taste some of what they have done, in order that they may turn back (from evil)" (30:41). Cutting off the thief's hand or stoning the adulterer is an evil thing for the thief and the adulterer, but it is good for them in one respect, because it is a purification for them so that the punishment of this life and the hereafter are not combined for them. These punishments are good in another respect: their application protects property, honor, and relationships.


Chapter VIII
BENEFITS

This sublime belief, which includes those great principles, bears numerous and useful types of fruits for whoever believes in it.

Virtues of Belief in Allah:

Belief in Allah, His names, and His attributes instills in the individual the love and glorification of Allah that result in his performing Allah's instructions and avoiding His prohibitions. These are the means of achieving ultimate happiness in this life and the hereafter for both the individual and the society: "Whoever, male or female, does righteous deed, while believing, We shall assuredly grant him a goodly life, and We shall reward them according to the best of their deeds" (16:97).

Virtues of Belief in the Angels:

Appreciating the dignity of Allah, His might, and His sovereignty.

Gratitude toward Allah because He puts some of the angels in charge of His servants, recording their deeds and other things that benefit them. ¥ Love and admiration for the angels because of what they are doing, namely, worshipping Allah in the best possible manner and praying for the believers.

Virtues of Belief in the Books:

Appreciating Allah's mercy and care for His people in that He sent down a book to every nation for its guidance.

Appreciating Allah's wisdom, for He revealed in these books to every nation that which suits them. The glorious Qur'an is the final book and it is suitable to all people at all times until the Day of Judgment.

Showing gratitude for Allah's mercy in revealing these books.

Virtues of Belief in the Messengers:

Appreciating Allah's mercy and care for His people for sending them those great messengers to guide them to the straight path. Thanking Allah for this great favor.

Loving and respecting the prophets and praising them in what they deserve, because they are Allah's messengers and His choice among His people. They worshipped Allah according to the best of their ability, conveyed His message to mankind, gave sincere advice to the people, and bore patiently whatever hurt they received.

Virtues of Belief in the Day of Judgment:

Endeavor to obey Allah to get the reward of that day and to avoid any disobedience to him for fear of His punishment.

A consolation for the believer for whatever he misses of worldly enjoyment by what he hopes to gain of blessings and reward of the hereafter.

Virtues of Belief in Fate and the Divine Decree:

Dependence on Allah when doing any action, because both the cause and effect are the result of Allah's decree.

Ease of mind and comfort, because when the individual knows that everything is by Allah's decree and that mishaps are going to take place anyway, his soul will be at ease and his heart will be satisfied with Allah's decree. No one has a more comfortable life, worry-free soul, and stronger confidence than a believer in fate.

Freedom from arrogance when a goal is achieved, because this is a blessing from Allah through what He decreed of the causes of good and success. The individual should thank Allah for that and free himself from arrogance.

Freedom from worry and boredom in case of failure or mishap, because that is by Allah's decree, the One who possesses the heavens and the Earth. Since that is going to happen anyway, the individual should be patient and hope for the reward from Allah. Allah points to the last two virtues in the following verse: "No misfortune can happen on earth or in yourselves but is recorded in a decree before We bring it into existence, that is really easy for Allah; that you may not grieve for what escapes you, nor rejoice in what has come to you. Allah does not love any vainglorious boaster" (57:22-3).

We pray to Allah, the Exalted, to reward us for this belief, to realize for us its fruits, to increase our blessings, to keep us on the right path to which He has guided us, and to bestow on us a blessing from Him. He is indeed the Giver. Praise and gratitude be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be on Prophet Muhammad, his family, his Companions, and those who rightly follow them.